tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-379449202024-03-12T21:38:05.992-07:00vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion riskTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-30192481229309549482018-07-03T09:10:00.003-07:002018-07-03T09:10:44.137-07:00Threat of vCJD to be reconsidered for risk factor to humans IBTS MAC<h1 class="name post-title entry-title" itemprop="itemReviewed" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing" style="background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Oswald, arial, Georgia, serif; font-size: 28px; font-weight: normal; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<span itemprop="name" style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Threat of vCJD to be reconsidered</span></h1>
<div class="post-meta" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 7px; outline: none; padding: 5px 0px;">
<span class="post-meta-author" style="border: 0px none; display: inline-block; list-style: none; margin: 0px 12px 0px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">By <a href="https://www.imt.ie/author/imtvalrieryan/" style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; cursor: pointer; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;" title="">Valerie Ryan</a></span> <span class="tie-date" style="border: 0px none; display: inline-block; list-style: none; margin: 0px 12px 0px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">3rd July 2018</span></div>
<div class="clear" style="background-color: white; border: 0px none; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="entry" style="background-color: white; border: 0px none; line-height: 1.5; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<div class="intro" style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #999999; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
The meeting is to be presented with the most up-to-date information on the risk of vCJD</div>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
A specially convened meeting of the Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS) Medical Advisory Committee (MAC) is due to take place this month, to consider whether the threat of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) and the deferral of former United Kingdom (UK) donors can be reassessed.</div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
The meeting is to be presented with the most up-to-date information on the risk of vCJD. This may lead on to a risk assessment being carried out to inform whether a change is warranted to current donor selection guidelines in respect of people who have resided in the UK for a cumulative period of 12 months or more, between 1980 and 1996.</div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
The IBTS now feels that sufficient time has elapsed to consider whether the measures in place to prevent the transmission of abnormal prions from the food chain, and the resultant risk of asymptomatic individuals being a threat to the blood supply, can be reassessed.</div>
<div class="advads-post-content-1" data-id="185547" id="advads-1717027865" style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="advads-post-content" data-id="185543" id="advads-1867739207" style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
The Medical and Scientific Director of the Transfusion Service will make a presentation on the current state of evidence on the transmission of vCJD via blood transfusion to the specially convened meeting.</div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
If the MAC feels that a case might be made for a change in the deferral policy, further consideration of all aspects of the matter will be undertaken with the input of relevant experts.<br style="border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" />If the outcome of the deliberations of the MAC and the subsequent expert input indicate that the IBTS could safely relax the current deferral polices regarding vCJD, a case for such changes will be made to the Board of the IBTS.</div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
The IBTS currently has a permanent deferral policy in place for individuals who have resided for more than one year in the UK, including Northern Ireland and the Channel Islands, between 1980 and 1996, designed to prevent the risk of transmission of vCJD to recipients of blood transfusions.</div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
A new case of vCJD was indicated by the UK in 2016, as a consequence of which a decision was taken by the IBTS at that time that no change would be made in the short-term to the measures in place to mitigate the risk of transmission.</div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
<a href="mailto:Valerie.ryan@imt.ie" rel="image" style="border: 0px none; color: #136487; cursor: pointer; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;">Valerie.ryan@imt.ie</a></div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
<a href="https://www.imt.ie/news/threat-vcjd-reconsidered-03-07-2018/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.imt.ie/news/threat-vcjd-reconsidered-03-07-2018/</a></div>
<div style="border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
this would be insane in my opinion, considering the TSE Prion in cervid in Europe, i.e. Norway, Finland CWD TSE Prion, and the atypical TSE Prions in other species...terry</div>
<div style="background-color: #fff3db; color: #29303b;">
''On secondary and tertiary transmissions, however, the proportion of PrPres positive animals gradually increased to almost 100%. Recent communications suggest that a similar situation might exist in other models of experimental exposure to prions involving swine32 and cattle33. '' </div>
<div style="background-color: #fff3db; color: #29303b;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: #fff3db; color: #29303b;">
''Experimental transfusion of variant CJD-infected blood reveals previously uncharacterised prion disorder in mice and macaque''</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
snip...</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Palatino, Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.17px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
This report strongly suggests that prions might remain hidden in the population and as the majority of healthy carriers may never develop a prion disease, an even greater proportion of contaminated individuals may never be diagnosed as healthy carriers, currently diagnosed according to the presence of PrP<span style="font-size: 12.75px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">d</span> in their lymphoid tissues. Moreover, should such atypical agents or their subsequent passages in humans lead to neurological impairment, there is a significant risk that they would not be diagnosed as related to prion infection in the absence of detectable PrP<span style="font-size: 12.75px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: bolder;">res</span></span> and a quasi-exclusive spinal involvement. Our results enlarge the range of prion diseases that is already no longer restricted to PrP<span style="font-size: 12.75px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: bolder;">res</span></span> positive diseases that target the brain<span style="font-size: 12.75px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a data-test="citation-ref" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-track="click" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01347-0#ref-CR47" id="ref-link-section-d6266e2147" style="background-color: transparent; color: #006699; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Gambetti, P. et al. A novel human disease with abnormal prion protein sensitive to protease. Ann. Neurol.
63, 697–708 (2008).">47</a>,<a data-test="citation-ref" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-track="click" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01347-0#ref-CR48" id="ref-link-section-d6266e2147_1" style="background-color: transparent; color: #006699; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Kovacs, G. G. et al. Rapidly progressive dementia with thalamic degeneration and peculiar cortical prion protein immunoreactivity, but absence of proteinase K resistant PrP: a new disease entity? Acta Neuropathol. Commun.
1, 72 (2013).">48</a>,<a aria-label="Reference 49" data-test="citation-ref" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-track="click" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01347-0#ref-CR49" id="ref-link-section-d6266e2150" style="background-color: transparent; color: #006699; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Mead, S. et al. A novel prion disease associated with diarrhea and autonomic neuropathy. N. Engl. J. Med.
369, 1904–1914 (2013).">49</a></span>.</div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Palatino, Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.17px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
In conclusion, the range of incomplete syndromes that we observed between healthy carriers and typical vCJD indicates that multiple forms of prion variants can coexist and may emerge in different forms depending upon the conditions under which transmission occurred. This has obvious consequences for public health, and questions the uniqueness of the BSE/vCJD strain<span style="font-size: 12.75px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a aria-label="Reference 50" data-test="citation-ref" data-track-action="reference anchor" data-track-label="link" data-track="click" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01347-0#ref-CR50" id="ref-link-section-d6266e2157" style="background-color: transparent; color: #006699; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Bruce, M. E. et al. Transmissions to mice indicate that “new variant” CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature
389, 498–501 (1997).">50</a></span> and our capacity to detect and prevent all infectious forms of prion disease.</div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01347-0" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01347-0</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div style="border: 0px none; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">MONDAY, NOVEMBER 06, 2017 </span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px none; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">Experimental transfusion of variant CJD-infected blood reveals previously uncharacterised prion disorder in mice and macaque</span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px none; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">''On secondary and tertiary transmissions, however, the proportion of PrPres positive animals gradually increased to almost 100%. </span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px none; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">''Recent communications suggest that a similar situation might exist in other models of experimental exposure to prions involving swine32 and cattle33.'' </span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px none; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 17px;">''Experimental transfusion of variant CJD-infected blood reveals previously uncharacterised prion disorder in mice and macaque'' </span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px none; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1em;">
<a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2017/11/experimental-transfusion-of-variant-cjd.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2017/11/experimental-transfusion-of-variant-cjd.html</a></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">P120 Early preclinical detection of prions in blood of macaques peripherally infected with the variant CJD agent. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Luis Concha1,2,Claudio Soto1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> 1University Of Texas, Houston, United States, 2Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Aim: Preclinical detection of prions in blood of experimentally infected non-human primates. The detection of prions in blood of patients affected by variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) has been recently achieved, by means of the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique (Concha- Marambio et. al., 2016). Moreover, a few blood samples were shown to contain prions before disease onset (Bougard et. al. 2016). However, the unknown time of infection makes impossible to determine when in the incubation period prions can be detected in blood. Thus, we studied blood samples longitudinally collected from 3 macaques infected with the macaque adapted vCJD agent (m-vCJD). </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Methods: Three macaques were peripherally infected with m-vCJD (McDowell et. al., 2016). Blood was collected longitudinally, starting 2 months post inoculation (mpi) until the endpoint of the disease. The samples were divided in three panels: early preclinical (2 to 12 mpi), late preclinical (12 mpi to onset) and clinical (onset to final bleed). These samples were kindly provided by Dr Luisa Gregory as de-identified samples. The PMCA protocol previously used was optimized to detect prions in blood of vCJD patients, for the detection of m-vCJD prions in macaque blood, using human PrP from transgenic mice as substrate. The substrate was supplemented with 100 ug/ml heparin and few modifications were introduced into the PMCA protocol. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Results: m-vCJD prions from macaque brain homogenate (BH) were amplified at similar efficiencies vCJD prions (10-10 to 10-11 dilutions of BH). Prions were readily detected in whole blood, buffy coat and plasma during the clinical phase of the disease. Preclinical samples were more challenging to amplify. However, after PMCA optimization, we could detect with high sensitivity and specificity all the early and late preclinical samples. Our results show that m-vCJD prions from macaque blood can be detected at least ~800 days before the onset of disease. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Conclusions: PMCA was adapted for the efficient amplification of m-vCJD prions present in blood of macaques peripherally challenged with the vCJD agent. Our results suggest that PMCA can detect prions in blood more than 800 days before onset with high sensitivity and specificity. Since the first sample was collected 2 mpi and it was positive, PMCA can probably detect prions in blood weeks after inoculation. Overall, our results show the consistent and reproducible preclinical detection of prions in macaques, which suggest that this protocol could be used in humans for pre-symptomatic detection of carriers infected with vCJD prions. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">DISORDERS PRION 2017 DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<a href="http://prion2017.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PRION-2017-A-Z-of-Abstracts-by-Presenter_2-2.pdf" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://prion2017.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PRION-2017-A-Z-of-Abstracts-by-Presenter_2-2.pdf</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-size: small; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;">
<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">MONDAY, JUNE 19, 2017 </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;">
<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">PRION 2017 CONFERENCE ABSTRACT P61 vCJD strain properties in a Spanish mother and son replicate as those of a young UK case</span></div>
</div>
<div style="color: #333333; font-size: small; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 0.75em;">
<a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-p61-vcjd.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-p61-vcjd.html</a></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2017 </span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Blood-derived amyloid-β protein induces Alzheimer’s disease pathologies</span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://betaamyloidcjd.blogspot.com/2017/11/blood-derived-amyloid-protein-induces.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://betaamyloidcjd.<wbr></wbr>blogspot.com/2017/11/blood-<wbr></wbr>derived-amyloid-protein-<wbr></wbr>induces.html</a></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;">
MONDAY, OCTOBER 02, 2017 </div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;">
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease United States of America USA and United Kingdom UK Increasing and Zoonotic Pontential From Different Species</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-united-states.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/10/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-united-states.html</a></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: #403838; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.22em;">THURSDAY, AUGUST 17, 2017 </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: #403838; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: #403838; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.22em;">*** Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States revisited 2017</span></div>
<div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: #403838; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: #403838; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.22em;">Singeltary et al</span></div>
<div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: #403838; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="color: #29303b; font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: #403838; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/08/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/08/monitoring-occurrence-of-emerging-forms.html</a></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2017/12/public-health-risks-from-subclinical.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2017/12/public-health-risks-from-subclinical.html</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<span style="font-family: arial;">O.05: Transmission of prions to primates after extended silent incubation periods: Implications for BSE and scrapie risk assessment in human populations </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Emmanuel Comoy, Jacqueline Mikol, Valerie Durand, Sophie Luccantoni, Evelyne Correia, Nathalie Lescoutra, Capucine Dehen, and Jean-Philippe Deslys Atomic Energy Commission; Fontenay-aux-Roses, France </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Prion diseases (PD) are the unique neurodegenerative proteinopathies reputed to be transmissible under field conditions since decades. The transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) to humans evidenced that an animal PD might be zoonotic under appropriate conditions. Contrarily, in the absence of obvious (epidemiological or experimental) elements supporting a transmission or genetic predispositions, PD, like the other proteinopathies, are reputed to occur spontaneously (atpical animal prion strains, sporadic CJD summing 80% of human prion cases). Non-human primate models provided the first evidences supporting the transmissibiity of human prion strains and the zoonotic potential of BSE. Among them, cynomolgus macaques brought major information for BSE risk assessment for human health (Chen, 2014), according to their phylogenetic proximity to humans and extended lifetime. We used this model to assess the zoonotic potential of other animal PD from bovine, ovine and cervid origins even after very long silent incubation periods. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
*** We recently observed the direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to macaque after a 10-year silent incubation period, </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
***with features similar to some reported for human cases of sporadic CJD, albeit requiring fourfold long incubation than BSE. Scrapie, as recently evoked in humanized mice (Cassard, 2014), </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
***is the third potentially zoonotic PD (with BSE and L-type BSE), </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
***thus questioning the origin of human sporadic cases. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
We will present an updated panorama of our different transmission studies and discuss the implications of such extended incubation periods on risk assessment of animal PD for human health. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
=============== </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
***thus questioning the origin of human sporadic cases*** </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
=============== </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
***our findings suggest that possible transmission risk of H-type BSE to sheep and human. Bioassay will be required to determine whether the PMCA products are infectious to these animals. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
============== </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<a href="https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://prion2015.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/prion2015abstracts.pdf</a> </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
***Transmission data also revealed that several scrapie prions propagate in HuPrP-Tg mice with efficiency comparable to that of cattle BSE. While the efficiency of transmission at primary passage was low, subsequent passages resulted in a highly virulent prion disease in both Met129 and Val129 mice. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
***Transmission of the different scrapie isolates in these mice leads to the emergence of prion strain phenotypes that showed similar characteristics to those displayed by MM1 or VV2 sCJD prion. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
***These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20</a> </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
PRION 2016 TOKYO</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Saturday, April 23, 2016</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
SCRAPIE WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential 2016</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Prion. 10:S15-S21. 2016 ISSN: 1933-6896 printl 1933-690X online</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Taylor & Francis</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Prion 2016 Animal Prion Disease Workshop Abstracts</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Juan Maria Torres a, Olivier Andreoletti b, J uan-Carlos Espinosa a. Vincent Beringue c. Patricia Aguilar a,</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Natalia Fernandez-Borges a. and Alba Marin-Moreno a</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
"Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal ( CISA-INIA ). Valdeolmos, Madrid. Spain; b UMR INRA -ENVT 1225 Interactions Holes Agents Pathogenes. ENVT. Toulouse. France: "UR892. Virologie lmmunologie MolécuIaires, Jouy-en-Josas. France</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Dietary exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) contaminated bovine tissues is considered as the origin of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob (vCJD) disease in human. To date, BSE agent is the only recognized zoonotic prion. Despite the variety of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) agents that have been circulating for centuries in farmed ruminants there is no apparent epidemiological link between exposure to ruminant products and the occurrence of other form of TSE in human like sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (sCJD). However, the zoonotic potential of the diversity of circulating TSE agents has never been systematically assessed. The major issue in experimental assessment of TSEs zoonotic potential lies in the modeling of the ‘species barrier‘, the biological phenomenon that limits TSE agents’ propagation from a species to another. In the last decade, mice genetically engineered to express normal forms of the human prion protein has proved essential in studying human prions pathogenesis and modeling the capacity of TSEs to cross the human species barrier.</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
To assess the zoonotic potential of prions circulating in farmed ruminants, we study their transmission ability in transgenic mice expressing human PrPC (HuPrP-Tg). Two lines of mice expressing different forms of the human PrPC (129Met or 129Val) are used to determine the role of the Met129Val dimorphism in susceptibility/resistance to the different agents.</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
These transmission experiments confirm the ability of BSE prions to propagate in 129M- HuPrP-Tg mice and demonstrate that Met129 homozygotes may be susceptible to BSE in sheep or goat to a greater degree than the BSE agent in cattle and that these agents can convey molecular properties and neuropathological indistinguishable from vCJD. However homozygous 129V mice are resistant to all tested BSE derived prions independently of the originating species suggesting a higher transmission barrier for 129V-PrP variant.</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Transmission data also revealed that several scrapie prions propagate in HuPrP-Tg mice with efficiency comparable to that of cattle BSE. While the efficiency of transmission at primary passage was low, subsequent passages resulted in a highly virulent prion disease in both Met129 and Val129 mice. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Transmission of the different scrapie isolates in these mice leads to the emergence of prion strain phenotypes that showed similar characteristics to those displayed by MM1 or VV2 sCJD prion. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
These results demonstrate that scrapie prions have a zoonotic potential and raise new questions about the possible link between animal and human prions. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19336896.2016.1163048?journalCode=kprn20</a></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
why do we not want to do TSE transmission studies on chimpanzees $</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severly would likely create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough. Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might be best to retain that hypothesis.</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
snip...</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
R. BRADLEY</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126051158/http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170126051158/http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf</a></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
Title: Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period) </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
*** In complement to the recent demonstration that humanized mice are susceptible to scrapie, we report here the first observation of direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to a macaque after a 10-year incubation period. Neuropathologic examination revealed all of the features of a prion disease: spongiform change, neuronal loss, and accumulation of PrPres throughout the CNS. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
*** This observation strengthens the questioning of the harmlessness of scrapie to humans, at a time when protective measures for human and animal health are being dismantled and reduced as c-BSE is considered controlled and being eradicated. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
*** Our results underscore the importance of precautionary and protective measures and the necessity for long-term experimental transmission studies to assess the zoonotic potential of other animal prion strains. </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<a href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313160" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313160</a></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<div style="font-size: small;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div class="aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-repeat: initial; line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div class="aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-repeat: initial; line-height: 1.22em; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia;">I urge everyone to watch this video closely...terry </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
*** you can see video here and interview with Jeff's Mom, and scientist telling you to test everything and potential risk factors for humans ***</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-004/video-004.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">https://histodb11.usz.ch/Images/videos/video-004/video-004.html</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">ZOONOTIC CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION UPDATE ???</span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">here is the latest;</span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Cervid to human prion transmission </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Kong, Qingzhong </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Abstract </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Prion disease is transmissible and invariably fatal. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the prion disease affecting deer, elk and moose, and it is a widespread and expanding epidemic affecting 22 US States and 2 Canadian provinces so far. CWD poses the most serious zoonotic prion transmission risks in North America because of huge venison consumption (>6 million deer/elk hunted and consumed annually in the USA alone), significant prion infectivity in muscles and other tissues/fluids from CWD-affected cervids, and usually high levels of individual exposure to CWD resulting from consumption of the affected animal among often just family and friends. However, we still do not know whether CWD prions can infect humans in the brain or peripheral tissues or whether clinical/asymptomatic CWD zoonosis has already occurred, and we have no essays to reliably detect CWD infection in humans. We hypothesize that: </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">(1) The classic CWD prion strain can infect humans at low levels in the brain and peripheral lymphoid tissues; </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">(2) The cervid-to-human transmission barrier is dependent on the cervid prion strain and influenced by the host (human) prion protein (PrP) primary sequence; </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">(3) Reliable essays can be established to detect CWD infection in humans;and </span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">*** (4) CWD transmission to humans has already occurred. </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">We will test these hypotheses in 4 Aims using transgenic (Tg) mouse models and complementary in vitro approaches. </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Aim 1 will prove that the classical CWD strain may infect humans in brain or peripheral lymphoid tissues at low levels by conducting systemic bioassays in a set of "humanized" Tg mouse lines expressing common human PrP variants using a number of CWD isolates at varying doses and routes. Experimental "human CWD" samples will also be generated for Aim 3. </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that the cervid-to-human prion transmission barrier is dependent on prion strain and influenced by the host (human) PrP sequence by examining and comparing the transmission efficiency and phenotypes of several atypical/unusual CWD isolates/strains as well as a few prion strains from other species that have adapted to cervid PrP sequence, utilizing the same panel of humanized Tg mouse lines as in Aim 1. </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Aim 3 will establish reliable essays for detection and surveillance of CWD infection in humans by examining in details the clinical, pathological, biochemical and in vitro seeding properties of existing and future experimental "human CWD" samples generated from Aims 1-2 and compare them with those of common sporadic human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) prions. </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Aim 4 will attempt to detect clinical CWD-affected human cases by examining a significant number of brain samples from prion-affected human subjects in the USA and Canada who have consumed venison from CWD-endemic areas utilizing the criteria and essays established in Aim 3. The findings from this proposal will greatly advance our understandings on the potential and characteristics of cervid prion transmission in humans, establish reliable essays for CWD zoonosis and potentially discover the first case(s) of CWD infection in humans. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Public Health Relevance There are significant and increasing human exposure to cervid prions because chronic wasting disease (CWD, a widespread and highly infectious prion disease among deer and elk in North America) continues spreading and consumption of venison remains popular, but our understanding on cervid-to-human prion transmission is still very limited, raising public health concerns. This proposal aims to define the zoonotic risks of cervid prions and set up and apply essays to detect CWD zoonosis using mouse models and in vitro methods. The findings will greatly expand our knowledge on the potentials and characteristics of cervid prion transmission in humans, establish reliable essays for such infections and may discover the first case(s) of CWD infection in humans. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Funding Agency Agency National Institute of Health (NIH) </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Institute National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Type Research Project (R01) </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Project # 1R01NS088604-01A1 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Application # 9037884 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Study Section Cellular and Molecular Biology of Neurodegeneration Study Section (CMND) </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Program Officer Wong, May </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Project Start 2015-09-30 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Project End 2019-07-31 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Budget Start 2015-09-30 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Budget End 2016-07-31 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Support Year 1 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Fiscal Year 2015 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Total Cost $337,507 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Indirect Cost $118,756 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Institution </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Name Case Western Reserve University </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Department Pathology </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Type Schools of Medicine </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">DUNS # 077758407 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">City Cleveland </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">State OH </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Country United States </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Zip Code 44106 </span><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="color: #191919; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><a class="externalLink ProxyLink" href="http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-NS088604-01A1%20http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-NS088604-01A1" rel="nofollow" style="border-radius: 0px; color: #1d6f23; cursor: pointer; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px -3px; padding: 0px 3px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-NS088604-01A1 http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-NS088604-01A1</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">CWD TSE Prion Zoonosis to squirrel monkey and macaque</span></div>
<div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<a href="https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Prion 2017 Conference Abstracts CWD</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"> 2017 PRION CONFERENCE </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">First evidence of intracranial and peroral transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) into Cynomolgus macaques: a work in progress </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Stefanie Czub1, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer2, Christiane Stahl-Hennig3, Michael Beekes4, Hermann Schaetzl5 and Dirk Motzkus6 1 </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine/Canadian Food Inspection Agency; 2Universitatsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultat der Universitat des Saarlandes; 3 Deutsches Primaten Zentrum/Goettingen; 4 Robert-Koch-Institut Berlin; 5 University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 6 presently: Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center; previously: Deutsches Primaten Zentrum/Goettingen </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">This is a progress report of a project which started in 2009. 21 cynomolgus macaques were challenged with characterized CWD material from white-tailed deer (WTD) or elk by intracerebral (ic), oral, and skin exposure routes. Additional blood transfusion experiments are supposed to assess the CWD contamination risk of human blood product. Challenge materials originated from symptomatic cervids for ic, skin scarification and partially per oral routes (WTD brain). Challenge material for feeding of muscle derived from preclinical WTD and from preclinical macaques for blood transfusion experiments. We have confirmed that the CWD challenge material contained at least two different CWD agents (brain material) as well as CWD prions in muscle-associated nerves. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Here we present first data on a group of animals either challenged ic with steel wires or per orally and sacrificed with incubation times ranging from 4.5 to 6.9 years at postmortem. Three animals displayed signs of mild clinical disease, including anxiety, apathy, ataxia and/or tremor. In four animals wasting was observed, two of those had confirmed diabetes. All animals have variable signs of prion neuropathology in spinal cords and brains and by supersensitive IHC, reaction was detected in spinal cord segments of all animals. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuiC) and PET-blot assays to further substantiate these findings are on the way, as well as bioassays in bank voles and transgenic mice. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">At present, a total of 10 animals are sacrificed and read-outs are ongoing. Preclinical incubation of the remaining macaques covers a range from 6.4 to 7.10 years. Based on the species barrier and an incubation time of > 5 years for BSE in macaques and about 10 years for scrapie in macaques, we expected an onset of clinical disease beyond 6 years post inoculation. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">PRION 2017 DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">Subject: PRION 2017 CONFERENCE DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS VIDEO </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">PRION 2017 CONFERENCE DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">*** PRION 2017 CONFERENCE VIDEO </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Vtt1kAVDhDQ" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/embed/Vtt1kAVDhDQ</a></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://prion2017.org/programme/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://prion2017.org/programme/</a></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: blue; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf</a></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: blue; text-decoration-line: underline;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: blue; text-decoration-line: underline;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
TUESDAY, JUNE 13, 2017</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">PRION 2017 CONFERENCE ABSTRACT </span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">First evidence of intracranial and peroral transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) into Cynomolgus macaques: a work in progress</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-first.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-first.html</a></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="color: blue; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf</a></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<div style="line-height: 1;">
SATURDAY, JULY 29, 2017 </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
Risk Advisory Opinion: Potential Human Health Risks from Chronic Wasting Disease CFIA, PHAC, HC (HPFB and FNIHB), INAC, Parks Canada, ECCC and AAFC </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/07/risk-advisory-opinion-potential-human.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/07/risk-advisory-opinion-potential-human.html</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf</a></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/07/risk-advisory-opinion-potential-human.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/07/risk-advisory-opinion-potential-human.html</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; line-height: 1;">
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
ZOONOTIC, ZOONOSIS, CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY TSE PRION </div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
10. ZOONOTIC, ZOONOSIS, CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY TSE PRION AKA MAD DEER ELK DISEASE IN HUMANS, has it already happened, that should be the question... </div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
''In particular the US data do not clearly exclude the possibility of human (sporadic or familial) TSE development due to consumption of venison. The Working Group thus recognizes a potential risk to consumers if a TSE would be present in European cervids.'' Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II)</div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) Antonia Ricci Ana Allende Declan Bolton Marianne Chemaly Robert Davies Pablo Salvador Fernández Escámez ... See all authors </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
First published: 17 January 2018 <a href="https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5132" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5132</a> ;</div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
also, see; </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
8. Even though human TSE‐exposure risk through consumption of game from European cervids can be assumed to be minor, if at all existing, no final conclusion can be drawn due to the overall lack of scientific data. In particular the US data do not clearly exclude the possibility of human (sporadic or familial) TSE development due to consumption of venison. The Working Group thus recognizes a potential risk to consumers if a TSE would be present in European cervids. It might be prudent considering appropriate measures to reduce such a risk, e.g. excluding tissues such as CNS and lymphoid tissues from the human food chain, which would greatly reduce any potential risk for consumers. However, it is stressed that currently, no data regarding a risk of TSE infections from cervid products are available. </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
snip... </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
The tissue distribution of infectivity in CWD‐infected cervids is now known to extend beyond CNS and lymphoid tissues. While the removal of these specific tissues from the food chain would reduce human dietary exposure to infectivity, exclusion from the food chain of the whole carcass of any infected animal would be required to eliminate human dietary exposure. </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<a href="https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5132" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5132</a></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
zoonosis zoonotic cervid tse prion cwd to humans, preparing for the storm </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
***An alternative to modeling the species barrier is the cell-free conversion assay which points to CWD as the animal prion disease with the greatest zoonotic potential, after (and very much less than) BSE.116*** </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/pri.29237" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/pri.29237</a> </div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;">
<span style="color: #663300; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Volume 2: Science </span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="color: #663300; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="color: #663300; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: small;"><b>4. The link between BSE and vCJD</b> </span></div>
<div style="font-size: medium;">
<span style="color: #663300; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_814097" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a></span><span style="color: #663300; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>Summary</b> </span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;">
<span style="color: #663300; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_aolmail_814098" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><span style="color: #663300; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>4.29 </b></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The evidence discussed above that vCJD is caused by BSE seems overwhelming. Uncertainties exist about the cause of CJD in farmers, their wives and in several abattoir workers. It seems that farmers at least might be at higher risk than others in the general population. <a href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090505202857/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume2/chapteb6.htm#814101" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank" title="Click here to goto footnote/return to text"><sup>1</sup></a> Increased ascertainment (ie, increased identification of cases as a result of greater awareness of the condition) seems unlikely, as other groups exposed to risk, such as butchers and veterinarians, do not appear to have been affected. The CJD in farmers seems to be similar to other sporadic CJD in age of onset, in respect to glycosylation patterns, and in strain-typing in experimental mice. Some farmers are heterozygous for the methionine/valine variant at codon 129, and their lymphoreticular system (LRS) does not contain the high levels of PrP<sup>Sc</sup> found in vCJD. It remains a remote possibility that when older people contract CJD from BSE the resulting phenotype is like sporadic CJD and is distinct from the vCJD phenotype in younger people...</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BSE INQUIRY</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">Summary and Recommendation: </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">snip...</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">Health Portfolio partners were recently made aware of initial findings from a research project led by a CFIA scientist that have demonstrated that cynomolgus macaques can be infected via intracranial exposure and oral gavage with CWD infected muscle. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">These findings suggest that CWD, under specific experimental conditions, has the potential to cross the human species barrier, including by enteral feeding of CWD infected muscle. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="https://www.thetyee.ca/Documents/2017/06/24/Risk-Advisory-Opinion-CWD-2017.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://www.thetyee.ca/Documents/2017/06/24/Risk-Advisory-Opinion-CWD-2017.pdf</a></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">*** WDA 2016 NEW YORK *** </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">We found that CWD adapts to a new host more readily than BSE and that human PrP was unexpectedly prone to misfolding by CWD prions. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">In addition, we investigated the role of specific regions of the bovine, deer and human PrP protein in resistance to conversion by prions from another species. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">***We have concluded that the human protein has a region that confers unusual susceptibility to conversion by CWD prions. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">Student Presentations Session 2 </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">The species barriers and public health threat of CWD and BSE prions </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">Ms. Kristen Davenport1, Dr. Davin Henderson1, Dr. Candace Mathiason1, Dr. Edward Hoover1 1Colorado State University </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is spreading rapidly through cervid populations in the USA. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, mad cow disease) arose in the 1980s because cattle were fed recycled animal protein. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">These and other prion diseases are caused by abnormal folding of the normal prion protein (PrP) into a disease causing form (PrPd), which is pathogenic to nervous system cells and can cause subsequent PrP to misfold. CWD spreads among cervids very efficiently, but it has not yet infected humans. On the other hand, BSE was spread only when cattle consumed infected bovine or ovine tissue, but did infect humans and other species. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">The objective of this research is to understand the role of PrP structure in cross-species infection by CWD and BSE. To study the propensity of each species’ PrP to be induced to misfold by the presence of PrPd from verious species, we have used an in vitro system that permits detection of PrPd in real-time. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">We measured the conversion efficiency of various combinations of PrPd seeds and PrP substrate combinations. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">We observed the cross-species behavior of CWD and BSE, in addition to feline-adapted CWD and BSE. We found that CWD adapts to a new host more readily than BSE and that human PrP was unexpectedly prone to misfolding by CWD prions. In addition, we investigated the role of specific regions of the bovine, deer and human PrP protein in resistance to conversion by prions from another species. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">***We have concluded that the human protein has a region that confers unusual susceptibility to conversion by CWD prions. CWD is unique among prion diseases in its rapid spread in natural populations. BSE prions are essentially unaltered upon passage to a new species, while CWD adapts to the new species. This adaptation has consequences for surveillance of humans exposed to CWD. Wildlife Disease Risk Communication Research Contributes to Wildlife Trust Administration Exploring perceptions about chronic wasting disease risks among wildlife and agriculture professionals and stakeholders</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.wda2016.org/uploads/5/8/6/1/58613359/wda_2016_conference_proceedings_low_res.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://www.wda2016.org/uploads/5/8/6/1/58613359/wda_2016_conference_proceedings_low_res.pdf</a> </span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">CDC CWD 2018 TRANSMISSION</span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/prions/cwd/transmission.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-size: 10pt; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://www.cdc.gov/prions/cwd/transmission.html</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
*** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier. Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. These circumstances represent a potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies. </div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://cdmrp.army.mil/prevfunded/nprp/NPRP_Summit_Final_Report.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://cdmrp.army.mil/prevfunded/nprp/NPRP_Summit_Final_Report.pdf</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
Transmission Studies</div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">Mule deer transmissions of CWD were by intracerebral inoculation and compared with natural cases {the following was written but with a single line marked through it ''first passage (by this route)}...TSS</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">resulted in a more rapidly progressive clinical disease with repeated episodes of synocopy ending in coma. One control animal became affected, it is believed through contamination of inoculum (?saline). Further CWD transmissions were carried out by Dick Marsh into ferret, mink and squirrel monkey. Transmission occurred in ALL of these species with the shortest incubation period in the ferret.</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;">snip...</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506002237/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090506002237/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf</a></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf</a></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Prion Infectivity in Fat of Deer with Chronic Wasting Disease▿ </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Brent Race#, Kimberly Meade-White#, Richard Race and Bruce Chesebro* + Author Affiliations</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">In mice, prion infectivity was recently detected in fat. Since ruminant fat is consumed by humans and fed to animals, we determined infectivity titers in fat from two CWD-infected deer. Deer fat devoid of muscle contained low levels of CWD infectivity and might be a risk factor for prion infection of other species.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://jvi.asm.org/content/83/18/9608.full" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://jvi.asm.org/content/83/18/9608.full</a></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Prions in Skeletal Muscles of Deer with Chronic Wasting Disease </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Here bioassays in transgenic mice expressing cervid prion protein revealed the presence of infectious prions in skeletal muscles of CWD-infected deer, demonstrating that humans consuming or handling meat from CWD-infected deer are at risk to prion exposure.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/311/5764/1117.long" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://science.sciencemag.org/content/311/5764/1117.long</a></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia;">*** now, let’s see what the authors said about this casual link, personal communications years ago, and then the latest on the zoonotic potential from CWD to humans from the TOKYO PRION 2016 CONFERENCE.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1;">
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1;">
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
see where it is stated NO STRONG evidence. so, does this mean there IS casual evidence ???? “Our conclusion stating that we found no strong evidence of CWD transmission to humans”</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
From: TSS (<a href="http://216-119-163-189.ipset45.wt.net/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">216-119-163-189.ipset45.wt.net</a>)</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Subject: CWD aka MAD DEER/ELK TO HUMANS ???</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Date: September 30, 2002 at 7:06 am PST</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
From: "Belay, Ermias"</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
To: Cc: "Race, Richard (NIH)" ; ; "Belay, Ermias"</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 9:22 AM</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Subject: RE: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Dear Sir/Madam,</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
In the Archives of Neurology you quoted (the abstract of which was attached to your email), we did not say CWD in humans will present like variant CJD. That assumption would be wrong. I encourage you to read the whole article and call me if you have questions or need more clarification (phone: 404-639-3091). Also, we do not claim that "no-one has ever been infected with prion disease from eating venison." Our conclusion stating that we found no strong evidence of CWD transmission to humans in the article you quoted or in any other forum is limited to the patients we investigated.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Ermias Belay, M.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
-----Original Message-----</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
From: Sent: Sunday, September 29, 2002 10:15 AM</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
To: <a href="mailto:rr26k@nih.gov" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">rr26k@nih.gov</a>; <a href="mailto:rrace@niaid.nih.gov" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">rrace@niaid.nih.gov</a>; <a href="mailto:ebb8@CDC.GOV" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">ebb8@CDC.GOV</a></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Subject: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Sunday, November 10, 2002 6:26 PM ......snip........end..............TSS</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
Thursday, April 03, 2008</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease 2008 1: Vet Res. 2008 Apr 3;39(4):41 A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease Sigurdson CJ.</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
snip...</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
*** twenty-seven CJD patients who regularly consumed venison were reported to the Surveillance Center***,</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
snip... full text ;</div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: Georgia; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/04/prion-disease-of-cervids-chronic.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/04/prion-disease-of-cervids-chronic.html</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">> However, to date, no CWD infections have been reported in people. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
key word here is 'reported'. science has shown that CWD in humans will look like sporadic CJD. SO, how can one assume that CWD has not already transmitted to humans? they can't, and it's as simple as that. from all recorded science to date, CWD has already transmitted to humans, and it's being misdiagnosed as sporadic CJD. ...terry </div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">*** LOOKING FOR CWD IN HUMANS AS nvCJD or as an ATYPICAL CJD, LOOKING IN ALL THE WRONG PLACES $$$ ***</span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;">*** These results would seem to suggest that CWD does indeed have zoonotic potential, at least as judged by the compatibility of CWD prions and their human PrPC target. Furthermore, extrapolation from this simple in vitro assay suggests that if zoonotic CWD occurred, it would most likely effect those of the PRNP codon 129-MM genotype and that the PrPres type would be similar to that found in the most common subtype of sCJD (MM1).*** </span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/pri.28124?src=recsys" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/pri.28124?src=recsys</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/pri.28124?needAccess=true" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/pri.28124?needAccess=true</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/13-0858_article" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; text-size-adjust: 100%;" target="_blank">https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/13-0858_article</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<a href="https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">https://www.cste2.org/Webinars/files/CWD_Slides_FINAL.pdf</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 28, 2018 </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
*** The executioner in Nordfjella and Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Skrantesjuke</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/03/the-executioner-in-nordfjella-and.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/03/the-executioner-in-nordfjella-and.html</a></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2018 </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
*** NORWAY CWD TSE PRION Skrantesjuke Nordfjella zone 1 Complete Eradication Complete</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/02/norway-cwd-tse-prion-skrantesjuke.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/02/norway-cwd-tse-prion-skrantesjuke.html</a></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 05, 2017 </div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
*** Norway 30,000 deer animals have so far been tested for Skrantesyke chronic wasting disease CWD TSE PRION DISEASE</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/12/norway-30000-deer-animals-have-so-far.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/12/norway-30000-deer-animals-have-so-far.html</a></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
SATURDAY, MARCH 10, 2018</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
*** Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Goes Global Finland Falls, Behind Norway and S. Korea</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
*** FINLAND REPORTS FIRST CASE OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION IN A moose or European elk (Alces alces)</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/03/finland-reports-first-case-of-chronic.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/03/finland-reports-first-case-of-chronic.html</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
KOREA CWD TSE Prion</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">*** </span></span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">CWD outbreaks in farmed animals were reported in 2001, 2004, 2005, 2010, and </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">*</span></span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">2016 in the Republic of Korea. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">Korean CWD was introduced by elk imported from Canada in 1997. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">CWD outbreaks in farmed animals were reported in 2001, 2004, 2005, 2010, and </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">***</span></span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">2016 in the Republic of Korea. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">The Korean water deer is the dominant species of wild deer in Korea, with approximately 620 thousand heads (8.0 heads/100 ha) [</span><a href="https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/polymorphisms-in-the-prion-protein-gene-associated-with-chronic-wasting-disease-in-the-korean-water-deer-hydropotes-inermis-argyro-2157-7579-1000505-97483.html#9" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #007bff; cursor: pointer; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="9">9</a><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">].</span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/polymorphisms-in-the-prion-protein-gene-associated-with-chronic-wasting-disease-in-the-korean-water-deer-hydropotes-inermis-argyro-2157-7579-1000505-97483.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/polymorphisms-in-the-prion-protein-gene-associated-with-chronic-wasting-disease-in-the-korean-water-deer-hydropotes-inermis-argyro-2157-7579-1000505-97483.html</a></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<a href="http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-57576892043801318212017-06-22T14:12:00.001-07:002017-06-22T14:29:30.145-07:00PRION 2017 CONFERENCE P120 Early preclinical detection of prions in blood of macaques peripherally infected with the variant CJD agent<div>
P120 Early preclinical detection of prions in blood of macaques peripherally infected with the variant CJD </div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">agent. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Luis Concha1,2,Claudio Soto1</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"> 1University Of Texas, Houston, United States, 2Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile </span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Aim: Preclinical detection of prions in blood of experimentally infected non-human primates. </div>
<div>
The detection of prions in blood of patients affected by variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) has been recently achieved, by means of the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique (Concha- Marambio et. al., 2016). Moreover, a few blood samples were shown to contain prions before disease onset (Bougard et. al. 2016). However, the unknown time of infection makes impossible to determine when in the incubation period prions can be detected in blood. Thus, we studied blood samples longitudinally collected from 3 macaques infected with the macaque adapted vCJD agent (m-vCJD). </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Methods: Three macaques were peripherally infected with m-vCJD (McDowell et. al., 2016). Blood was collected longitudinally, starting 2 months post inoculation (mpi) until the endpoint of the disease. The samples were divided in three panels: early preclinical (2 to 12 mpi), late preclinical (12 mpi to onset) and clinical (onset to final bleed). These samples were kindly provided by Dr Luisa Gregory as de-identified samples. </div>
<div>
The PMCA protocol previously used was optimized to detect prions in blood of vCJD patients, for the detection of m-vCJD prions in macaque blood, using human PrP from transgenic mice as substrate. The substrate was supplemented with 100 ug/ml heparin and few modifications were introduced into the PMCA protocol. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Results: m-vCJD prions from macaque brain homogenate (BH) were amplified at similar efficiencies vCJD prions (10-10 to 10-11 dilutions of BH). Prions were readily detected in whole blood, buffy coat and plasma during the clinical phase of the disease. Preclinical samples were more challenging to amplify. However, after PMCA optimization, we could detect with high sensitivity and specificity all the early and late preclinical samples. Our results show that m-vCJD prions from macaque blood can be detected at least ~800 days before the onset of disease. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Conclusions: PMCA was adapted for the efficient amplification of m-vCJD prions present in blood of macaques peripherally challenged with the vCJD agent. Our results suggest that PMCA can detect prions in blood more than 800 days before onset with high sensitivity and specificity. Since the first sample was collected 2 mpi and it was positive, PMCA can probably detect prions in blood weeks after inoculation. Overall, our results show the consistent and reproducible preclinical detection of prions in macaques, which suggest that this protocol could be used in humans for pre-symptomatic detection of carriers infected with vCJD prions. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: #f6f7f9; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">DISORDERS PRION 2017 </span><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE</span></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: #f6f7f9; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">
<br /></div>
<a href="http://prion2017.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PRION-2017-A-Z-of-Abstracts-by-Presenter_2-2.pdf"> http://prion2017.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/PRION-2017-A-Z-of-Abstracts-by-Presenter_2-2.pdf</a></div>
<div style="background-color: #f6f7f9; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: #f6f7f9; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: #f6f7f9; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">DISORDERS PRION 2017 </span><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;">DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://prion2017.org/">http://prion2017.org/</a></div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://prion2017.org/programme/">http://prion2017.org/programme/</a></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: 13.3333px;">TUESDAY, JUNE 20, 2017 </span></div>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; line-height: 1.22em;">Prion 2017 Conference Transmissible prions in the skin of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-transmissible.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-transmissible.html</a></span></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">WEDNESDAY, MAY 03, 2017</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; line-height: 1.22em;">*** First evidence of intracranial and peroral transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) into Cynomolgus macaques</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; line-height: 1.22em;"><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/05/first-evidence-of-intracranial-and.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/05/first-evidence-of-intracranial-and.html</a></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
FRIDAY, JUNE 16, 2017</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
PRION 2017 P55 Susceptibility of human prion protein to in vitro conversion by chronic wasting disease prions</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: arial; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/p55-susceptibility-of-human-prion.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/p55-susceptibility-of-human-prion.html</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
MONDAY, JUNE 19, 2017 </div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
PRION 2017 P20 Descriptive epidemiology of human prion diseases in Japan: a prospective 16-year surveillance study</div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
Japan Prion Disease Increasing Annually to 2.3 patients per 1 million populations in 2014</div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-p20-descriptive-epidemiology.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-p20-descriptive-epidemiology.html</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
TUESDAY, JUNE 13, 2017</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
PRION 2017 CONFERENCE ABSTRACT Chronic Wasting Disease in European moose is associated with PrPSc features different from North American CWD</div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-chronic.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-chronic.html</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 2017</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 1.22em;">Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion to Humans, who makes that final call, when, or, has it already happened?</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse-prion_10.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse-prion_10.html</a></div>
<div style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial;">
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">MONDAY, JUNE 19, 2017 </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">PRION 2017 CONFERENCE ABSTRACT P61 vCJD strain properties in a Spanish mother and son replicate as those of a young UK case</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: arial;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><a href="http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-p61-vcjd.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://vcjd.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-conference-abstract-p61-vcjd.html</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 14, 2017 </div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
Amyloid-β accumulation in human growth hormone related iatrogenic CJD patients in the UK</div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://betaamyloidcjd.blogspot.com/2017/06/amyloid-accumulation-in-human-growth.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://betaamyloidcjd.blogspot.com/2017/06/amyloid-accumulation-in-human-growth.html</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
Saturday, June 17, 2017</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
PRION 2017 P115 α- Synuclein prions from MSA patients exhibit similar transmission properties as PrPSc prions</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br style="line-height: 1.22em;" /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://msaprion.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-p115-synuclein-prions-from.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.22em;" target="_blank">http://msaprion.blogspot.com/2017/06/prion-2017-p115-synuclein-prions-from.html</a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">MONDAY, JUNE 19, 2017 </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Advisory Committee June 2017 CJD, BSE, Scrapie, CWD, TSE, Prion? </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/transmissible-spongiform.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/transmissible-spongiform.html</a></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 21, 2017 </div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
Docket No. FDA– 2009–N–0505 Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements for Human Food and Cosmetics Manufactured From, Processed With, or Otherwise Containing Material From Cattle</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<a href="http://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2017/06/docket-no-fda-2009n0505-agency.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2017/06/docket-no-fda-2009n0505-agency.html</a></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: 13.3333px;">THURSDAY, JUNE 22, 2017 </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) to establish liaison office in College Station, Texas</span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><a href="http://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2017/06/world-organisation-for-animal-health.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: blue; cursor: pointer;" target="_blank">http://animalhealthreportpriontse.blogspot.com/2017/06/world-organisation-for-animal-health.html</a></span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">THURSDAY, DECEMBER 22, 2016 </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Detection of prions in blood from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2016/12/detection-of-prions-in-blood-from.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2016/12/detection-of-prions-in-blood-from.html</a></span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;">Tuesday, May 10, 2016</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;">
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
2015 PDA Virus & TSE Safety Forum Meeting Report</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
>>>Recently transmission of prions from blood of patients with sporadic CJD to humanized mice could be demonstrated.<<<</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
>>>Further-on, urine samples of a control population (normal and neurological population) showed no signal in the study; *** however, in samples from patients with sporadic CJD and vCJD, a signal was detected in both patient populations.<<<</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Meeting Report: 2015 PDA Virus & TSE Safety Forum</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2016/05/2015-pda-virus-tse-safety-forum-meeting.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2016/05/2015-pda-virus-tse-safety-forum-meeting.html</a></div>
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: x-small;">
<div>
Tuesday, March 11, 2014 </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Science and Technology Committee Oral evidence: Blood, tissue and organ screening, HC 990 Wednesday 5 March 2014 SPORADIC CJD </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Actually, it is nearer 2 per million per year of the population will develop sporadic CJD, but your lifetime risk of developing sporadic CJD is about 1 in 30,000. So that has not really changed. When people talk about 1 per million, often they interpret that as thinking it is incredibly rare. They think they have a 1-in-a-million chance of developing this disease. You haven’t. You’ve got about a 1-in-30,000 chance of developing it. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2014/03/science-and-technology-committee-oral.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2014/03/science-and-technology-committee-oral.html</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Sunday, March 09, 2014 </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
A Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Lookback Study: Assessing the Risk of Blood Borne Transmission of Classic Forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
*** FDA TSEAC CIRCUS AND TRAVELING ROAD SHOW FOR THE TSE PRION DISEASES *** </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2014/03/a-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2014/03/a-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd.html </a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
Wednesday, December 11, 2013</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
*** Detection of Infectivity in Blood of Persons with Variant and Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ***</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/12/detection-of-infectivity-in-blood-of.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/12/detection-of-infectivity-in-blood-of.html</a></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
Wednesday, October 09, 2013 </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
WHY THE UKBSEnvCJD ONLY THEORY IS SO POPULAR IN IT'S FALLACY, £41,078,281 in compensation REVISED </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/why-ukbsenvcjd-only-theory-is-so.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2013/10/why-ukbsenvcjd-only-theory-is-so.html</a></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px; padding: 0px;">
2001 FDA CJD TSE Prion Singeltary Submission</div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px; padding: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px; padding: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf" rel="nofollow noopener" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf</a></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
*** U.S.A. 50 STATE BSE MAD COW CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001 </div>
</span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">
<a href="http://tseac.blogspot.com/2011/02/usa-50-state-bse-mad-cow-conference.html" style="color: #0096ef; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">http://tseac.blogspot.com/2011/02/usa-50-state-bse-mad-cow-conference.html </a></div>
<div style="font-family: arial, helvetica;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-size: small;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica";">Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-56465266318823933912016-12-22T07:50:00.001-08:002016-12-22T07:50:24.398-08:00Detection of prions in blood from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease<div style="color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">
<div id="AOLMsgPart_2_f7256e0a-8bed-4387-b32a-f66a9ec3c286">
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<span style="color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><div>
<div class="release_date">
Public Release: <time datetime="1482296400">21-Dec-2016</time></div>
<h1 class="page_title">
UTHealth research could lead to blood test to detect Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease </h1>
<div class="summary">
</div>
<div class="meta_institute">
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston</div>
<!-- AddThis Buttons BEGIN --><div class="toolbar hidden-print hidden-search">
<div class="social-share pull-left addthis_20x20_style">
<br /></div>
<div class="article-tools pull-right">
<br /></div>
</div>
<!-- AddThis Buttons END --><div class="entry">
HOUSTON - (Dec. 21, 2016) - The detection of prions in the blood of patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease could lead to a noninvasive diagnosis prior to symptoms and a way to identify prion contamination of the donated blood supply, according to researchers at McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth).<br />
<br />
The results of the research, led by senior author Claudio Soto, M.D., professor in the Department of Neurology and the director of the George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's disease and Related Brain Disorders at UTHealth, were published today in <em>Science Translational Medicine</em>, a journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. First author of the paper is Luis Concha-Marambio, senior research assistant in the Department of Neurology at McGovern Medical School.<br />
<br />
" Our findings, which need to be confirmed in further studies, suggest that our method of detection could be useful for the noninvasive diagnosis of this disease in pre-symptomatic individuals," Soto said. "Early diagnosis would allow any potential therapy to be given before substantial brain damage has occurred. In the case of the blood supply, availability of a procedure to efficiently detect small quantities of the infectious agent would allow removal of blood units contaminated with prions, so that new cases can be minimized substantially."<br />
<br />
Human prion diseases are infectious and invariably fatal neurodegenerative diseases. They include sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), the most common form, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), which is caused by the transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy - commonly known as mad cow disease - from infected cattle to humans.<br />
<br />
Since 1990, 178 people in the United Kingdom have died from vCJD, according to the National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit at the University of Edinburgh. The disease has claimed an additional 49 people worldwide, including four United States residents, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. In a handful of cases, the disease was spread through the donated blood supply.<br />
<br />
The disease can lay silent in the body for decades as damage slowly builds in the brain from the misfolded infectious proteins called prions. On average, people infected with vCJD die two years after the development of the first symptoms, which can include psychiatric alterations such as depression, anxiety and hallucinations that progress to more severe dementia, muscle contractions and loss of coordination.<br />
<br />
Soto's team analyzed blood samples from 14 cases of vCJD and 153 controls, which included patients affected by sCJD and other neurodegenerative or neurological disorders as well as healthy subjects. To detect the prions, the team used a protein misfolding cyclic amplification assay, invented in Soto's lab, which mimics the prion replication process in vitro that occurs in prion disease. <br />
<br />
The results showed that prions could be detected with 100 percent sensitivity and specificity in blood samples from vCJD patients.<br />
<br />
The new study builds on years of research by Soto's team, whose detection of prions in urine was published in the <em>New England Journal of Medicine</em> in August 2014. In June of this year, Soto received $11 million from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health, to study the pathogenesis, transmission and detection of prion diseases including chronic wasting disease in deer.<br />
<br />
<div align="center">
###</div>
<div align="center">
<br /></div>
Soto is also on the faculty and Concha-Marambio is a student at The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston.<br />
<br />
Co-authors are Sandra Pritzkow, Ph.D., from McGovern Medical School; Paul Schulz, M.D., professor of neurology from McGovern Medical School and Memorial Hermann Mischer Neuroscience Institute at the Texas Medical Center; Fabio Moda, Ph.D., and Fabrizio Tagliavini, M.D., from Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta in Milan; and James W. Ironside, FMedSci, FRSE, professor of clinical neuropathology at the National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit at the University of Edinburgh.<br />
<br />
The research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (P01AI106705, R42NS079060, R01NS049173). <br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="well article_disclaimer hidden-search">
<strong>Disclaimer:</strong> AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-12/uoth-urc122016.php" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-12/uoth-urc122016.php</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h1 class="article__headline">
<div class="highwire-cite-title">
Detection of prions in blood from patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease</div>
</h1>
<div class="article byline byline--article">
<div class="highwire-markup">
<div id="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<div class="contributors" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1">
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-1"><span class="name">Luis Concha-Marambio</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-1"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-1"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span></sup></a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-2"><span class="name">Sandra Pritzkow</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-2"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></sup></a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-3"><span class="name">Fabio Moda</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-3"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-3" id="xref-aff-3-1"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">3</span></sup></a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-4"><span class="name">Fabrizio Tagliavini</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-3" id="xref-aff-3-2"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">3</span></sup></a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-5"><span class="name">James W. Ironside</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-4" id="xref-aff-4-1"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">4</span></sup></a>, </li>
<li class="contributor" id="contrib-6"><span class="name">Paul E. Schulz</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-4"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></sup></a> and </li>
<li class="last" id="contrib-7"><span class="name">Claudio Soto</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-1" id="xref-aff-1-5"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a class="xref-aff" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#aff-2" id="xref-aff-2-2"><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span></sup></a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a class="xref-corresp" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#corresp-1" id="xref-corresp-1-1">*</a></li>
</ol>
<div class="affiliation-list-reveal">
<a class="view-more" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#">+</a> Author Affiliations</div>
<ol class="affiliation-list" style="display: none;">
<li class="aff"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address>
<sup>1</sup>Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.</address>
</li>
<li class="aff"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address>
<sup>2</sup>Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Avenida San Carlos de Apoquindo 2200, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.</address>
</li>
<li class="aff"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address>
<sup>3</sup>IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.</address>
</li>
<li class="aff"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a><address>
<sup>4</sup>National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.</address>
</li>
</ol>
<ol class="corresp-list">
<li class="corresp" id="corresp-1"><a class="rev-xref" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183#xref-corresp-1-1">↵</a><span class="corresp-label">*</span>Corresponding author. Email: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">claudio.soto@uth.tmc.edu</a></span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="meta-line">
<cite>Science Translational Medicine </cite> 21 Dec 2016:<br />Vol. 8, Issue 370, pp. 370ra183<br />DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6188 </div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div class="section editor-summary" id="abstract-2">
<h2>
A new blood test for prion diseases</h2>
<div id="p-2">
Prions are the proteinaceous infectious agents responsible for various animal and human diseases. The transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy into humans has led to a new illness, termed variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Currently, the number of people infected by this new disease is unknown, which is a major concern because it has been shown that preclinical carriers of vCJD prions can transmit the disease by blood transfusion. Now, Concha-Marambio <em>et al.</em> report the development of a biochemical test to detect vCJD prions in blood with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Availability of a highly efficient blood test for vCJD is important to minimize further transmission of the disease, to increase blood safety, and to allow early diagnosis of this disease.</div>
</div>
<div class="section abstract" id="abstract-3">
<h2>
Abstract</h2>
<div id="p-3">
Human prion diseases are infectious and invariably fatal neurodegenerative diseases. They include sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), the most common form, and variant CJD (vCJD), which is caused by interspecies transmission of prions from cattle infected by bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Development of a biochemical assay for the sensitive, specific, early, and noninvasive detection of prions (PrP<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sc</span></sup>) in the blood of patients affected by prion disease is a top medical priority to increase the safety of the blood supply. vCJD has already been transmitted from human to human by blood transfusion, and the number of asymptomatic carriers of vCJD in the U.K. alone is estimated to be 1 in 2000 people. We used the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technique to analyze blood samples from 14 cases of vCJD and 153 controls, including patients affected by sCJD and other neurodegenerative or neurological disorders as well as healthy subjects. Our results showed that PrP<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sc</span></sup> could be detected with 100% sensitivity and specificity in blood samples from vCJD patients. Detection was possible in any of the blood fractions analyzed and could be done with as little as a few microliters of sample volume. The PrP<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sc</span></sup> concentration in blood was estimated to be ~0.5 pg/ml. Our findings suggest that PMCA may be useful for premortem noninvasive diagnosis of vCJD and to identify prion contamination of the blood supply. Further studies are needed to fully validate the technology.</div>
</div>
<ul class="copyright-statement">
<li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><div class="aolReplacedBody">
<br /></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
</div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<a href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183</a></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<br /></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<br /></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<a href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183.full">http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/370/370ra183.full</a></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<br /></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<br /></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<div>
Wednesday, December 21, 2016 </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES 2016 ANNUAL REPORT ARS RESEARCH </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2016/12/transmission-differentiation-and.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2016/12/transmission-differentiation-and.html</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<h2 class="date-header">
<span style="color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">Wednesday, December 14, 2016</span></h2>
<span style="color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"><div class="post">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="3950368760046591592"></a> <h3 class="post-title">
Diagnosis of Human Prion Disease Using Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Testing of Olfactory Mucosa and Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples</h3>
<div class="post-title">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0px;"><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2016/12/diagnosis-of-human-prion-disease-using.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2016/12/diagnosis-of-human-prion-disease-using.html</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</span></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<br /></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
<br /></div>
<div class="aolReplacedBody">
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.</div>
</span><div class="aolReplacedBody">
<span style="color: black; font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
</div>
</div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-78859524732769827852008-11-27T18:16:00.000-08:002008-11-27T18:27:20.587-08:00Prion diseases are efficiently transmitted by blood transfusion in sheepTRANSFUSION MEDICINE<br /><br />Prion diseases are efficiently transmitted by blood transfusion in sheep<br /><br /><br />Fiona Houston1, Sandra McCutcheon1, Wilfred Goldmann2, Angela Chong2, James Foster2, Silvia Sisó3, Lorenzo González3, Martin Jeffrey3, and Nora Hunter2 1 Neuropathogenesis Division, Roslin Institute, Compton, United Kingdom; 2 Neuropathogenesis Division, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and 3 Lasswade Laboratory, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Penicuik, United Kingdom<br /><br />The emergence of variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, following on from the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic, led to concerns about the potential risk of iatrogenic transmission of disease by blood transfusion and the introduction of costly control measures to protect blood supplies. We previously reported preliminary data demonstrating the transmission of BSE and natural scrapie by blood transfusion in sheep. The final results of this experiment, reported here, give unexpectedly high transmission rates by transfusion of 36% for BSE and 43% for scrapie. A proportion of BSE-infected tranfusion recipients (3 of 8) survived for up to 7 years without showing clinical signs of disease. The majority of transmissions resulted from blood collected from donors at more than 50% of the estimated incubation period. The high transmission rates and relatively short and consistent incubation periods in clinically positive recipients suggest that infectivity titers in blood were substantial and/or that blood transfusion is an efficient method of transmission. This experiment has established the value of using sheep as a model for studying transmission of variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease by blood products in humans.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/abstract/112/12/4739?ct">http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/abstract/112/12/4739?ct</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Plasma & Serum Proteins Receive Continued FDA Approval<br /><br />4/25/2008<br />APC, Inc. is pleased to advise our customers and industry partners that as anticipated, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will continue to allow the use of bovine blood, plasma and serum proteins in ruminant feeds.<br /><br /><br />In April 2008 FDA announced the publication of its Final Rule for 21 CFR Part 589.2001 - Substances Prohibited From Use in Animal Food or Feed. FDA specifically stated in their opinion that, "FDA is not prohibiting the use of blood and blood products in animal feed because we believe such a prohibition would do very little to reduce the risk of BSE transmission."<br /><br /><br />Known as a leader in developing nutritional products for the swine industry, where 95% of pig starter diets in the United States contain functional proteins, APC has more recently developed their line of colostrum replacers, supplements, feed additives and milk replacer ingredients for calves. Products include plasma, serum and immunoglobulin concentrate based Acquire®, Lifeline®, Gammulin® and Nutrapro® used to optimize the health and performance of calves.<br /><br /><br />To view the full report for Final Rule 21 CFR Part 589.2001 visit:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/FDA-2002-N-0031-nfr.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/FDA-2002-N-0031-nfr.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />To view the complete Feed Rule 21 CFR Part 589 visit:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=589&showFR=1">http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=589&showFR=1</a><br /><br /><br /><br />----- Original Message -----<br /><br />From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.<br />To: FREAS@CBER.FDA.GOVCc: william.freas@fda.hhs.gov ; rosanna.harvey@fda.hhs.gov<br />Sent: Wednesday, November 29, 2006 1:24 PM<br />Subject: TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006 [TSSSUBMISSION]<br /><br />November 29, 2006<br /><br />Greetings FDA, DHH, Dr. Freas, and Dr. Harvey et al, a kind and warm Holiday Greetings to you all. i kindly wish to submit the following to the TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006, about the assessment for potential exposure to vCJD in human plasma-derived antihemophilic factor (FVIII) products manufactured from U.S. plasma donors and related communication material ;<br /><br /><a href="http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm">http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm</a><br /><br /><br />i see the media picked up on this as a 'low risk', from what the gov. agency perceived to be to them;<br /><br />http://www.newsday.com/news/health/ats-ap_health14nov27,0,7955259.story?coll=ny-leadhealthnews-headlines<br /><br />however, i seem to disagree. from my primitive ciphering, i see it another way. this is a huge catastrophic risk. 3 in 160 is 1.9%. so call that 2% which is 1 in 50 or twenty per thousand or 20,000 per million. also, what about the mixed genotypes/mixed susceptibility? what about the silent carriers that donated tainted blood? what about the sporadic CJDs of UNKNOWN strain or phenotype? this risk assessment is just more BSe to me. just another in a long line of industry fed crap. i pray that my assessment is the one that is wrong. but it is THEY who roll the dice with your life. it is THEY who refuse to regulate an industry that has run amok. just from a recall aspect of potentially tainted blood, and these are just recent recalls ;<br /><br /><br />PRODUCT<br /><br /><br />Source Plasma, Recall # B-0054-7CODEUnits: 03MMNC5465, 03MMNC6361, 03MMNC6801, 03MMNC7510, 03MMNC7891,03MMNC8252, 03MMNC8801, 03MMNC9144, 03MMND1122, 03MMND1478, 03MMND1969,03MMND2350, 03MMND2825, 03MMND3211, 03MMND3708, 03MMND4072, 03MMND4588,03MMND4831, 03MMND5320, 03MMND5719, 03MMND6268, 03MMND6683, 03MMND7228,03MMND7656, 03MMND8211, 03MMND8652, 03MMND9195, 03MMND9618, 03MMNE0628,03MMNE0884, 03MMNE1597, 03MMNE1979, 03MMNE2644, 03MMNE3064, 03MMNE3707,03MMNE4122, 03MMNE4750, 03MMNE5080, 03MMNE5876, 03MMNE6218, 03MMNE7189,03MMNE7587, 03MMNE8027, 03MMNE8645, 03MMNE9029, 03MMNE9641, 03MMNE9979,03MMNF0491, 03MMNF0685, 03MMNF0937, 03MMNF1260, 04MMNA0351, 04MMNA0707,04MMNA1241, 04MMNA1650, 04MMNA2291, 04MMNA2646, 04MMNA3340, 04MMNA3719,04MMNA4312, 04MMNA4683, 04MMNA5298, 04MMNA5750, 04MMNA6407, 04MMNA6816,04MMNA7482, 04MMNA7915, 04MMNA8632, 04MMNA9076, 04MMNA9723, 04MMNB0063,04MMNB0696, 04MMNB1100, 04MMNB1845, 04MMNB2285, 04MMNB3035, 04MMNB3485,04MMNB4213, 04MMNB4672, 04MMNB5841, 04MMNB6652, 04MMNB7162, 04MMNB7930,04MMNB8453, 04MMNB9239, 04MMNB9747, 04MMNC0456, 04MMNC0931, 04MMNC1578RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERBioLife Plasma Services, L.P., Mankato, MN, by facsimile on June 4, 2004.Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, collected from a donor who was at increased risk for newvariant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD), were distributed.<br /><br />VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE<br /><br />89 unitsDISTRIBUTIONCA and Austria<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR October 25, 2006###<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00975.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00975.html</a><br /><br /><br />USA FDA MAD COW BLOOD HUMANS RECALL (these are dime a dozen)<br /><br />RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: BIOLOGICS -- CLASS II______________________________PRODUCTSource Plasma, Recall # B-1708-6CODEUnits: MI180733, MI180927, MI181625, MI181780, MI182337, MI182519, MI183140,MI183311, MI183955, MI185006, MI185278, MI185822, MI186081, MI186855,MI187183, MI187903, MI188273, MI188695, MI189257, MI189553, MI190136,MI190473, MI191073, MI191395, MI191972, MI192303, MI193473, MI194343,04MINA0377, 04MINA0801, 05MINA7147, 05MINA7451, 05MINA8094, 05MINA8504,05MINA9548, 05MINA9883, 05MINB0489, 05MINB0875, 05MINB1469, 05MINB1874,05MINB3116, 05MINB7192, 05MINB7529, 05MINB8246, 05MINB8612, 05MINB9236,05MINB9366, 05MINB9475, 05MINB9641, 05MINC0031, 05MINC0237, 05MINC0336,05MINC0894, 05MINC0964, 05MINC1138, 05MINC1619, 05MINC1750, 05MINC1907,05MINC1977, 05MINC2375, 05MINC2774, 05MINC3113, 05MINC3484, 05MINC4277,05MINC4623, 05MINC5623, 05MINC5914, 05MINC7545, 05MINC7870, 05MINC8355,05MINC8689, 05MINC9437, 05MINC9775, 05MIND0067, 05MIND0393, 05MIND0892,05MIND0951, 05MIND1836, 05MIND2183 and 05MIND2962RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERBioLife Plasma Services L.P., Muncie, IN, by facsimile on November 22, 2005.Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, collected from unsuitable donors based on risk factors forCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), were distributed.VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE80 unitsDISTRIBUTIONCA, NC, and MD______________________________<br /><br />PRODUCTa) Red Blood Cells, Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1714-6;b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1715-6;c) Platelets, Recall # B-1716-6CODEa), b), and c) Unit: 2443732<br /><br />RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERSouth Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by letters datedNovember 11, 2003 and December 18, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, co lected from a donor who was at increased risk for newvariant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD), were distributed.<br /><br />VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE3 unitsDISTRIBUTIONTX and WIEND OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 13, 2006###<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00969.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00969.html</a><br /><br /><br />PRODUCT<br /><br />Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1751-6CODEUnit: 4936623RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERGulf Coast Regional Blood Center, Houston, TX, by facsimile dated September16, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood product, which was collected from an unsuitable donor based on riskfactors for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), was distributed.<br /><br />VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE<br /><br />1 unit DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 6, 2006###<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html</a><br /><br /><br />Mon Aug 7, 2006 10:2471.248.132.189<br />PRODUCTa) Red Blood Cells, Recall # B-1587-6;b) Cryoprecipitated AHF, Recall # B-1588-6;c) Recovered Plasma, Recal # B-1589-6CODEa), b) and c) Unit: 2016719RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERWalter Shepeard Community Blood Center, Inc., Augusta, GA, by facsimile onMarch 13, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increasedrisk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed.<br /><br />VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION GA and Germany______________________________<br /><br />PRODUCT<br /><br />a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1590-6;b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1591-6CODEa) and b) Unit: 2443595RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERSouth Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on June30, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete.<br /><br />REASON<br /><br />Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increasedrisk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed.<br /><br />VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX______________________________<br /><br />PRODUCT<br /><br /><br />a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1592-6;b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1593-6CODEa) and b) Unit: 2545596RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERSouth Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile onDecember 14, 2004 and January 3, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increasedrisk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed.<br /><br />VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX______________________________<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html</a><br /><br /><br />SNIP...FULL TEXT ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8">http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4271t1.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4271t1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Friday, October 24, 2008<br /><br />CBER 2007 Annual Report Assessing the Potential Risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease from Blood Products<br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Docket APHIS-2006-0041 Docket Title Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; Minimal-Risk Regions; Importation of Live Bovines and Products Derived from Bovines Commodities Docket Type Rulemaking Document APHIS-2006-0041-0001 Document Title Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; Minimal-Risk Regions; Importation of Live Bovines and Products Derived From Bovines Public Submission APHIS-2006-0041-0006.1 Public Submission Title Attachment to Singletary comment<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3412&disposition=attachment&contentType=crtext">http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3412&disposition=attachment&contentType=crtext</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main=DocumentDetail&d=APHIS-2006-0041-0006.1">http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main=DocumentDetail&d=APHIS-2006-0041-0006.1</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8">http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />TSS<br /><br /><br />Tuesday, November 11, 2008<br /><br />SaBTO Summary of 1st Public Meeting - variant CJD and blood Tuesday 21st October 2008, 2pm-4pm<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/11/sabto-summary-of-1st-public-meeting.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/11/sabto-summary-of-1st-public-meeting.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Friday, November 21, 2008<br />Amarillo-area (suspect sporadic CJD) case linked to mad cow disease Rumor in Texas<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2008/11/amarillo-area-suspect-sporadic-cjd-case.html">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/2008/11/amarillo-area-suspect-sporadic-cjd-case.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST MEETING OF THE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE<br /><br />Oct 23, 2008 at 9:00 AM<br /><br /><a href="http://seac992007.blogspot.com/2008/10/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of_23.html">http://seac992007.blogspot.com/2008/10/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of_23.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://flounder068.vox.com/library/post/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of-the-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory-committee.html">http://flounder068.vox.com/library/post/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of-the-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory-committee.html</a><br /><br /><br />Wednesday, June 11, 2008<br /><br />OIE Recognition of the BSE Status of Members RESOLUTION No. XXI (Adopted by the International Committee of the OIE on 27 May 2008)<br /><br />snip...SEE FULL TEXT with facts and sources @ ;<br /><br /><a href="http://usdavskorea.blogspot.com/2008/06/oie-recognition-of-bse-status-of.html">http://usdavskorea.blogspot.com/2008/06/oie-recognition-of-bse-status-of.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://organicconsumers.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=1566">http://organicconsumers.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=1566</a><br /><br /><br />Friday, April 25, 2008<br /><br />Substances Prohibited From Use in Animal Food or Feed [Docket No. 2002N-0273] (Formerly Docket No. 02N-0273) RIN 0910-AF46<br /><br /><a href="http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/04/substances-prohibited-from-use-in.html">http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/04/substances-prohibited-from-use-in.html</a><br /><br /><br />Review on the epidemiology and dynamics of BSE epidemics<br /><br />Cases of atypical BSE have only been found in countries having implemented large active surveillance programs. As of 1st September 2007, 36 cases (16 H, 20 L) have been described all over the world in cattle: Belgium (1 L) [23], Canada (1 H)15, Denmark (1 L)16, France (8 H, 6 L)17, Germany (1 H, 1 L) [13], Italy (3 L)18, Japan (1 L) [71], Netherlands (1 H, 2 L)19, Poland (1 H, 6 L)20, Sweden (1 H)21, United Kingdom (1 H)22, and USA (2 H)23. Another H-type case has been found in a 19 year old miniature zebu in a zoological park in Switzerland [56]. It is noteworthy that atypical cases have been found in countries that did not experience classical BSE so far, like Sweden, or in which only few cases of classical BSE have been found, like Canada or the USA.<br /><br />And last but not least, similarities of PrPres between Htype BSE and human prion diseases like CJD or GSS have been put forward [10], as well as between L-type BSE and CJD [17]. These findings raise questions about the origin and inter species transmission of these prion diseases that were discovered through the BSE active surveillance.<br /><br />full text 18 pages ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.vetres.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/vetres/pdf/2008/04/v07232.pdf">http://www.vetres.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/vetres/pdf/2008/04/v07232.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />USA BSE ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE ???<br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/06/review-on-epidemiology-and-dynamics-of.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/06/review-on-epidemiology-and-dynamics-of.html</a><br /><br /><br />Please remember, the last two mad cows documented in the USA i.e. Alabama and Texas, both were of the 'atypical' BSE strain, and immediately after that, the USDA shut down the testing from 470,000 to 40,000 in the U.S. in 2007 out of about 35 million cattle slaughtered. also, science is showing that some of these atypical cases are more virulent to humans than the typical UK BSE strain ;<br /><br />***Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.***<br /><br />Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center<br /><br />An Update from Stephen M. Sergay, MB, BCh & Pierluigi Gambetti, MD<br /><br />April 3, 2008<br /><br /><a href="http://www.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=4397&page=72.45.45">http://www.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=4397&page=72.45.45</a><br /><br /><br />In this context, a word is in order about the US testing program. After the discovery of the first (imported) cow in 2003, the magnitude of testing was much increased, reaching a level of >400,000 tests in 2005 (Figure 4). Neither of the 2 more recently indigenously infected older animals with nonspecific clinical features would have been detected without such testing, and neither would have been identified as atypical without confirmatory Western blots. Despite these facts, surveillance has now been decimated to 40,000 annual tests (USDA news release no. 0255.06, July 20, 2006) and invites the accusation that the United States will never know the true status of its involvement with BSE.<br /><br />In short, a great deal of further work will need to be done before the phenotypic features and prevalence of atypical BSE are understood. More than a single strain may have been present from the beginning of the epidemic, but this possibility has been overlooked by virtue of the absence of widespread Western blot confirmatory testing of positive screening test results; or these new phenotypes may be found, at least in part, to result from infections at an older age by a typical BSE agent, rather than neonatal infections with new "strains" of BSE. Neither alternative has yet been investigated.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0965.htm">http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0965.htm</a><br /><br /><br />Tuesday, June 3, 2008<br /><br />SCRAPIE USA UPDATE JUNE 2008 NOR-98 REPORTED PA<br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/06/scrapie-usa-update-june-2008-nor-98.html">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/06/scrapie-usa-update-june-2008-nor-98.html</a><br /><br /><br />Friday, August 29, 2008 CREEKSTONE VS USDA COURT OF APPEALS, BUSH SAYS, NO WAY, NO HOW<br /><br /><a href="http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2008/08/creekstone-vs-usda-court-of-appeals.html">http://madcowtesting.blogspot.com/2008/08/creekstone-vs-usda-court-of-appeals.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Friday, November 21, 2008<br />Plasma & Serum Proteins Receive Continued FDA Approval<br /><br /><a href="http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/11/plasma-serum-proteins-receive-continued.html">http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/11/plasma-serum-proteins-receive-continued.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/">http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />PRION October 8th - 10th 2008 Book of Abstracts<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />0C3.01<br /><br />Transmission of atypical BSE to Microcebus murinus, a non-human primate: Development of clinical symptoms and tissue distribution of PrPres<br /><br />Background: Atypical BSE cases have been observed in Europe, Japan and North America. They differ in their PrPres profiles from those found in classical BSE. These atypical cases fall into 2 types, depending on the molecular mass of the unglycosylated PrPres band observed by Western blot: the L -type (lower molecular mass than the typical BSE cases) and H-type (higher molecular mass than the typical BSE cases).<br /><br />Objectives and Methods: In order to see if the atypical BSE cases were transmissible to primates, either animals (were intracerebrally inoculated with 50 ul of a 10% brain homogenates of two atypical French BSE case, a H-type (2 males and 2 females) and a L-type (2 males and 2 females).<br /><br />Results: Only one of the four lemurs challenged with H-type BSE died without clinical signs after 19 months post inoculation (mpi), whereas all the 4 animals inoculated with L -type BSE died at 19 mpi (2 males) and 22 mpi (2 females). Three months before their sacrifice, they developed blindness, tremor, abnormal posture, incoordinated movements, balance loss. Symptoms got worse according to the disease progression, until severe ataxia. The brain tissue were biochemically and immunocytochemically investigated for PrPres. For the H-type, spongiform changes without PrPres accumulation were observed in the brainstem. However Western blot analysis did not allow to detect PrPres into the brain. For the L-type, severe spongiosis was evidenced into the thalamus, the striatum, the mesencephalon, and the brainstem. whereas into the cortex the spongiosis was evidenced, but the Vacuolisation was weaker. Strong deposits of PrPres were detected by western blot, PET-blot and immunocytochemistry in the CNS: dense accumulation was observed into the thalamus, the striatum, and the hippocampus whereas in the cerebral cortex, PrPres was prominently accumulated in plaques. Western blot analysis also readily confirmed the presence of protease-resistant prion protein.<br /><br />Conclusions: L-type infected lemurs showed survival times considerably shorter than for classical BSE strain, indicating that the disease is caused by a very virulent distinct prion strain in a model of non human primate.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pdf">http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />P7.09<br /><br />Biochemical screening for identification of atypical bse in belgium, 1999-present<br /><br />Authors<br /><br />Alexandre DobIy: Caroline Rodeghiero, Riet Geeroms; Stephanie Durand, Jessica De Sloovere, Emanuel Yanopdenbosch, Stefan Roels,<br /><br />Content<br /><br />Background: Recently atypical forms of BSE have been described. Western blot analyses showed that, in comparison to the classic BSE (C-type), they are demonstrable by a higher or lower molecular weight of the unglycosylated PrPres. They Viere thus named H-type and L-type BSE (L-type is also called BASE). In addition they show a lower proportion of diglycosylated PrPres than C-type. These emerging types represent different strains of BSE. They show unique incubation periods and histological lesions. Such types have been described on different continents. Indeed they might correspond to "sporadic" forms of BSE. In 2004 we already described one L-type in Belgium.<br /><br />Objective: We retrospectively analysed the bovines at least 7-year-old in the Belgian archive of BSE ­diagnosed cattle in order to determine the prevalence of the two types of atypical BSE in Belgium.<br /><br />Methods: We analysed homogenates from 39 bovines of 93 months old in median (min: 84, max: 181 months). The most recent one was diagnosed in 2006. We used Western blot with a panel of anti-PrP antibodies (Ab). They detect different regions of the PrP protein, from N-terminal to C-terminal: 12B2, 9A2, Sha31. SAFB4, 94B4. Their combination is aimed at an efficient typing diagnostic. We detected bound Ab with SuperSignal West Dura (Pierce) and analysed PrPres, signals with an image-analysis software (Quantity One, Bio-Rad).<br /><br />Results: The results are still under analysis. We will detail the most crucial characteristics for typing PrPres. These include 1) the apparent molecular mass of the an-, mono- and diglycosylated bands, 2) the binding affinity to the five Ab (e.g.12B2 for H-type), 3) the presence of a fourth (unglycosylated) band and 4) the glycoprofile based on the relative proportions of the visible bands.<br /><br />Discussion: The emergence of atypical types of BSE is partially due to a better knowledge of prion strains and more efficient diagnostic techniques. As the area in the brain where the PrPres is deposited can differ drastically between the types, it is essential to ascertain that the sampling techniques and analyses are adapted to these new types. As these new strains seem more virulent than classic types, they represent one of the next challenges in the field of prions.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pdf">http://www.neuroprion.org/resources/pdf_docs/conferences/prion2008/abstract-book-prion2008.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2008.com/">http://www.prion2008.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Tuesday, November 11, 2008<br /><br />Transmission of atypical bovine prions to mice transgenic for human prion protein<br /><br />DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080941<br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/11/transmission-of-atypical-bovine-prions.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/11/transmission-of-atypical-bovine-prions.html</a><br /><br /><br />Wednesday, August 20, 2008<br /><br />Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease typical and atypical strains, was there a cover-up ?<br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-mad.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-mad.html</a><br /><br /><br />Tuesday, June 3, 2008 SCRAPIE USA UPDATE JUNE 2008 NOR-98 REPORTED PA<br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/06/scrapie-usa-update-june-2008-nor-98.html">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/06/scrapie-usa-update-june-2008-nor-98.html</a><br /><br /><br />SCRAPIE USA<br /><br /><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Sunday, September 07, 2008<br /><br />CWD LIVE TEST, and the political aspects or fallout of live testing for BSE in cattle in the USA<br /><br /><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/09/cwd-live-test-and-political-aspects-or.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/09/cwd-live-test-and-political-aspects-or.html</a><br /><br /><br />Saturday, October 18, 2008 WYOMING STAR VALLEY MOOSE TESTS POSITIVE FOR CWD<br /><br /><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/wyoming-star-valley-moose-tests.html">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/wyoming-star-valley-moose-tests.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Saturday, December 01, 2007 Phenotypic Similarity of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy in Cattle and L-type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in a Mouse Model Volume 13, Number 12-December 2007 Research<br /><br />snip...see full text ;<br /><br /><a href="http://transmissible-mink-encephalopathy.blogspot.com/2007/12/phenotypic-similarity-of-transmissible.html">http://transmissible-mink-encephalopathy.blogspot.com/2007/12/phenotypic-similarity-of-transmissible.html</a><br /><br /><br />A New Prionopathy OR more of the same old BSe and sporadic CJD<br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br />Sunday, April 20, 2008 Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center April 3, 2008<br /><br />Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.<br /><br />see full text ;<br /><br /><a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2008/04/progress-report-from-national-prion.html">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2008/04/progress-report-from-national-prion.html</a><br /><br /><br />ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST MEETING OF THE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Oct 23, 2008 at 9:00 AM<br /><br /><a href="http://seac992007.blogspot.com/2008/10/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of_23.html">http://seac992007.blogspot.com/2008/10/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of_23.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://flounder068.vox.com/library/post/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of-the-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory-committee.html">http://flounder068.vox.com/library/post/one-hundred-and-first-meeting-of-the-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory-committee.html</a><br /><br /><br />Friday, November 21, 2008<br /><br />Plasma & Serum Proteins Receive Continued FDA Approval<br /><br /><a href="http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/11/plasma-serum-proteins-receive-continued.html">http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/11/plasma-serum-proteins-receive-continued.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/">http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Sunday, November 23, 2008 PRION October 8th - 10th 2008 Book of Abstracts<br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/11/prion-october-8th-10th-2008-book-of.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/11/prion-october-8th-10th-2008-book-of.html</a><br /><br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr., P.O. Box 42, Bacliff, Texas USA 77518Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-81094980494136542902008-11-11T08:50:00.000-08:002009-10-24T13:55:22.042-07:00SaBTO Summary of 1st Public Meeting – variant CJD and blood Tuesday 21st October 2008, 2pm-4pmAdvisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs (SaBTO)<br /><br />Summary of 1st Public Meeting – variant CJD and blood<br /><br />Tuesday 21st October 2008, 2pm-4pm<br /><br />New King’s Beam House, London SE1<br /><br />Introduction<br /><br /><br />Mr John Forsythe – University of Edinburgh/SaBTO Chair<br /><br />Mr Forsythe welcomed the audience, and outlined the background of SaBTO and the work of the committee. He explained that the committee feels that it is vital to share information used to make decisions and to invite comments from interested parties and the public. This explains the committee’s decision to hold an annual public meeting on selected topic.<br /><br />1st Presentation: Introduction to variant CJD<br /><br />Dr Hester Ward – National CJD Surveillance Unit/SaBTO vCJD expert<br /><br />Dr Ward gave an introductory talk on the cause and epidemiology of variant CJD.<br /><br />1. There are several different types of prion diseases in humans, which can be divided into idiopathic (e.g. sporadic CJD), acquired (e.g. variant CJD) and genetic (e.g. familial CJD). There is no evidence that sporadic CJD can be transmitted via transfusion.<br /><br />2. Variant CJD emerged in 1996 with features distinct from those seen in sporadic CJD. It affects younger people, who survive longer, and there are also distinct clinical and neuropathological features.<br /><br />3. 18 of those affected by vCJD are known to have been blood donors. 66 recipients of their blood have been identified, of whom 23 survive.<br /><br />4. vCJD is infective in blood but there remain a large number of uncertainties. A self-sustaining secondary epidemic through blood transfusion may be possible.<br /><br />5. Key to determining the size of a secondary epidemic is measuring how may people in the population may be carriers of vCJD (the ‘population prevalence’).<br /><br />6. A study on stored appendix samples and one on tonsils have given estimates for carriers of between 1 in 1, 500 and 1 in 20, 000 of the UK population.<br /><br />7. Possible further studies of this type could involve more appendix samples, a post-mortem archive or blood tests, which are not yet available but are in development.<br /><br />2nd Presentation: Variant CJD and Blood: current safety measures and future options<br /><br />Professor Marc Turner – University of Edinburgh and Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service/SaBTO Haematologist<br /><br />Professor Turner gave a presentation on the issues around variant CJD and blood, the current safety measures in place, and options that may be considered in the future.<br /><br />1. The prevalence of sub-clinical infection amongst the population of blood donors was discussed. The best estimate for incidence of further clinical cases is 70 .<br /><br />2. This represents a discrepancy with the retrospective tonsil and appendix study data which indicates that the prevalence of sub-clinical infection of vCJD is 1/4000 (range 1/1000 to 1/20000). This suggests that up to 3,000 members of the UK population may be infected but remain sub clinical (symptom free) in the longer term.<br /><br />3. It is known that in rodent models the potential level of peripheral infection is around 10 infectious doses per ml of blood (range 1-300 ID / ml).<br /><br />4. These data taken together with the known transmission of variant CJD by blood suggest the possibility of an ongoing risk of transmission of variant CJD through blood, tissues and organs.<br /><br />5. In the face of uncertainty, the best risk management approaches are those that give at least some control of risk over a wide range of plausible scenarios. In the context of variant CJD and blood, there are four potential approaches; donor selection, donor screening, component processing and minimising exposure.<br /><br />6. Although a number of donor deferral criteria have been introduced both in the UK and internationally, they represent a relatively blunt risk management approach and can undermine the supply of blood and tissues.<br /><br />7. A future test for vCJD may detect the presence of the abnormal protein in blood which would help to control the risk of secondary transmission , but will not give definitive information on the likelihood of development of clinical disease and will pose problems around sensitivity and specificity, validation and the management of those who have tested positive. There are particular concerns around the impact of a ‘poor’ test on donors and the blood supply.<br /><br />8. Blood component processing is used to further reduce risk from transfusion. Red cells are re-suspended in optimal additive solution rather than plasma, and all red blood cells undergo leucodepletion. Using prion reduction filters to filter out prions from leucodepleted red blood cells may further reduce infectivity and these are currently under evaluation.<br /><br />9. Risk reduction by reducing exposure to blood represents an immediately available, low cost measure that is relatively straightforward to implement.<br /><br />3rd Presentation – A Patient’s Perspective<br /><br />Mr Elwyn Nicol – SaBTO Patient Representative<br /><br />Mr Nicol, explained that some 5 years ago he underwent a heart transplant, hence his interest in becoming the SaBTO patient representative.With no family connections or experience in, or background of, the medical profession. Mr Nicol represents the patient. He emphasised that his views are independent and well placed to express an opinion, based on his own experience.To lay members in this audience he confirmed that the well-being of patients, on this committee, seems paramount.There are 2.4m blood donors in the UK and it is claimed that the vCJD testing programmes being developed may be 99% effective. Mr Nicol said he considers that to be very good, but it could mean 1%, i.e. 24,000 donations or donors would be falsely told that they had tested positive for vCJD.<br /><br />Until testing for vCJD in blood is 100% reliable, potentially 24000 blood donors, who 'do something special' without reward could be falsely told they have the disease every year. They could not know if they are truly threatened, not know if they will ever be able to get a life insurance policy, ever be able to get a mortgage or ever be able to buy a pension.<br />As a heavily transfused patient, Mr Nicol was and remains, content with the range of precautionary measures that exist. Until a 100% test exists Mr Nicol would prefer to rely on those existing measures rather than see potential distress and harm being caused to individual blood donors.<br /><br />Those who will make the final decision have a very difficult choice to make – Nr Nicol said that we ask a lot from donors and asked if we can ask a society that their generosity be extended to submit to an unreliable test that could result in such anguish for so many?<br /><br />Statements from family members of those affected by variant CJD<br /><br />Two relatives of individuals affected by vCJD spoke.<br /><br />Mr Peter Buckland spoke on behalf of his family. His son died after contracting vCJD from contaminated blood. Mr Buckland made the following points:<br /><br />• The devastating effect of vCJD on the families of those affected was huge.<br /><br />• The tragic consequences of the disease have been made more acute by a lack of information available to his family at the time from government institutions.<br /><br />• The processes around management of vCJD should be open and honest, and those responsible should be prepared to explain their decisions.<br /><br />• Delays in notifying those at risk of the disease did those who went on to develop vCJD a great disservice. Lives would have been led differently if the future implications had been made clear.<br /><br />• An earlier notification would at the very least have allowed families to explore potential treatments for the disease in the early stages.<br /><br />• Any test for vCJD should be made available. It is not acceptable that “at-risk” individuals be kept in the dark, however low that risk may be.<br /><br />Ms Christine Lord is the mother of Andrew Black, who died from vCJD in 2007 aged 24, and made the following points:<br /><br />• Those making the decisions around management of vCJD should be supervised by independent sources that are not government funded or backed.<br /><br />• The terrible risk and legacy of vCJD that the UK population now face should lay clearly at the door of those who Ms Lord considers responsible for her son’s death. Ms Lord believes that if those ministers and officials in the 1980s and 1990s had not put profit before lives vCJD would have never existed and SaBTO would not be faced with the terrible dilemmas it now has to wrestle with.<br /><br />• Testing should be made available as soon as it is developed. Ms Lord believes that it may not be in the Government’s best interest to make such a test available. The doubts about prevalence mean that the likely number of positives is not known; ministers may be reluctant to allow the wider public to be made aware of the true prevalence of vCJD in the population, particularly if the situation was worse than is currently forecast.<br /><br />• Testing for vCJD should be a personal choice allowing people to live their lives accordingly. Ms Lord believes that officials in the 1980s and 1990s played god with the UK populations lives resulting in vCJD and too many innocent people dying needlessly and she is mindful that government may very well be playing god again by refusing the UK population the choice to test or not.<br /><br />• As a mother who has lost her son to vCJD Ms Lord would take a test tomorrow and would like the opportunity to be able to do this in the near future.<br /><br />• The devastation vCJD has wrecked on families, careers, futures and relationships cannot be described in mere words. As a bereaved mother, a qualified journalist and psychological counsellor Ms Lord is acutely aware of the huge impact and life scarring event that nursing a child through the most horrific disease has had on hundreds of family members and thousands of colleagues and friends. Ms Lord’s website is <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:http://www.justice4andy.com/">www.justice4andy.com</a>.<br /><br />Summary of questions/open forum<br /><br />Q. What developments have there been since 2004 aimed at reducing the risk of vCJD transmission by blood transfusion?<br /><br />SaBTO is considering other potential options for mitigating the risk of vCJD, including importation of red cells for the children, double-dose red cell collection, extension of platelet apheresis and importation of plasma for all recipients.Several manufacturers are developing filters aiming to remove prion protein from red cells for transfusion. One of these filters is CE marked which means that it can legally be used in the UK. This filter is under active assessment by the UK and Irish Blood Services. It is important that any new technology used to produce blood components is assessed to make sure that it is effective and will not cause any harm to patients. A pathway for assessing prion removal filters has been established by the UK Blood Services and endorsed by SaBTO. The Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC) have advised that the UK Blood Services should obtain an independent assessment of the ability of these filters to remove prion protein. The first of these studies is well underway with early results expected to be reported in 2009. The UK Blood Services are also undertaking a clinical study of prion-filtered red cells in surgical patients and then transfusion dependent patients, designed to assess whether the filter results in an increase in adverse events to patients. These clinical studies were endorsed by SaBTO’s predecessor, the Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs (MSBTO). SaBTO will review this subject further in spring/summer 2009 when data from the independent evaluation and clinical studies of prion-filters are likely to become available.<br /><br />Q. What are the panel’s views on the potential for embryonic stem cells to be used to produce blood components for transfusion?<br /><br />Although there has been considerable progress in this area, we still have a lot to learn about how the growth of stem cells is controlled, and also how to produce specific cell types from stem cells. There are significant challenges in being able to produce sufficient amounts of cells for transfusion or transplantation from stem cells and it is likely to be some years before such cells can be used clinically.<br /><br />Q. How long is the incubation period for vCJD transmitted by blood transfusion?<br /><br />We do not know, but in the 4 cases where vCJD infection is thought to have been transmitted by blood transfusion, the incubation period between receiving the implicated transfusion and development of symptoms of disease was 6-8 years in the 3 symptomatic cases. In animals, the incubation period following infection can be influenced by genetic factors and in other human prion diseases, such as Kuru, the incubation period can be up to 40 years. It is possible, therefore, that some people have been infected but have not yet (and maybe will never) develop clinical disease.<br /><br />Q. When is a test for vCJD in blood likely to be available?<br /><br />There is currently no validated diagnostic test that can be used to determine whether blood is infected with vCJD. Several companies are developing tests for vCJD in blood and are making good progress. As for prion removal filters the UK Blood Services have developed a pathway for assessing tests that may be applied to blood donors. We currently do not know how accurate these tests will prove to be. There are concerns around telling asymptomatic people, for example blood donors, that they may be infected with vCJD when the significance of the test result is uncertain, when it is unknown whether infection would necessarily result in disease, and when there is no proven treatment.The impact of a screening test on the blood and tissue supply could be profound depending on how accurate the test is due to the direct loss of donations due to false positive results and the indirect impact in deterring people from donating., In addition there would be a need to carry out lookback studies and both donors and past recipients may need to be designated as “at risk of vCJD for public health purposes” leading to significant impact on the wider NHS.It was noted that the development of a diagnostic test for vCJD was highly desirable for groups of patients who have been identified as ‘at risk from vCJD for public health purposes’. However, SaBTO’s remit is restricted to consideration of tests in the context of blood, tissue and organ donation.<br /><br />Q. With regards to screening tests for vCJD in blood, what level of specificity and sensitivity do SaBTO regard as acceptable?<br /><br />Currently the UK Blood Services screen blood for several viruses. Donors that have a positive result then undergo further testing with one or more confirmatory tests before being informed that they are positive. The acceptable performance of a vCJD screening test would depend, in part therefore, on whether a secondary screening test or confirmatory test was available.<br /><br />Q. Why is blood labelled "Risk of adverse reaction/infection, including vCJD" but other infectious agents such as HIV not included on the label? Why is plasma that is imported not labelled the same way?<br /><br />The labelling of blood components has been changed to bring it in line with labelling of tissue products. Other infectious agents such as HIV do not appear on the label as blood donations are currently tested for these; there is no screening test for vCJD available. Plasma is imported from a country with low risk of vCJD and therefore not labelled in the same way as blood components from the UK. SaBTO are currently examining the possibility of recommending full written informed consent for transfusion, which would include information on the risks involved and whether there are any suitable alternatives.<br /><br />Q. Why aren’t platelets imported? Is importation of red cells feasible?<br /><br />Plasma components have a 2 year shelf-life and can be transported frozen. Platelets have a shelf-life of 5 days and must also be transported and stored in a very specific way to preserve them. It would therefore be highly unlikely that sufficient platelets could be imported from outside the UK with these limitations. NHS Blood & Transplant are currently conducting a feasibility study to assess options for importing red cells. Importing red cells for all patients in the UK will not be possible (over 2 million units of red cells per year are required). It may be possible to import red cells for selected patient groups, for example for children. Importation of special red cell products with a short-shelf life of 5 days or less is not likely to be feasible however. It is important to also consider other risks that may be increased in possible source countries, such as viral risk, since systems are not available to treat red cells to kill viruses.<br />Q. If a test for vCJD is available, should it be used to screen egg and sperm donors?<br /><br />So far SaBTO have only considered the possible use of a vCJD screening test for blood donors. In due course the committee will also have to consider the application of such a test to donors of tissues, organs and gametes.<br /><br />Q. Would prion filtration prevent the need to import red cells? And unlike screening for vCJD, prion-filtration would not have any negative impact on the donor.<br /><br />Prion-filtration or importation of red cells would reduce the cost-effectiveness of the other. SaBTO are considering a number of possible options to reduce the risk of vCJD transmission by blood. The cost-effectiveness and advantages/disadvantages of each option have been considered at the April and July 2008 meetings of SaBTO. The committee will be considering these measures further in 2009 when further data on prion filtration and testing are available.<br /><br />Q. Has there been a case of vCJD transmission by blood transfusion of leucocyte depleted blood?<br /><br />No. So far all 4 possible transmissions of infected prion protein have all been from non-leucocyte depleted red cells and there have been no known infections from blood since this time. Leucocyte depletion was implemented in the UK in 1998/1999. Animal studies suggest that leucocyte depletion only removes about 40-50% of infectivity in blood. We also do not know what the maximum period of incubation between transfusion of infected blood and development of vCJD could be, and therefore leucocyte-depleted blood could be capable of transmitting infection but there may not have been sufficient time for any of the recipients to develop clinical disease as yet.<br /><br />Q. Have SaBTO sought advice from the Association of British Insurers regarding vCJD tests?<br />The Association of British Insurers have been consulted previously with regard to patients who have developed CJD following treatment with growth hormones. Their response indicated that such recipients would not have any issues relating to insurance policies. SaBTO will obtain further information from the Association of British Insurers when more information is available on the performance of vCJD screening tests.<br /><br />Q. SaBTO requested a feasibility study on the use of double-dose red cells at their July meeting. When will this be available?<br /><br />NHS Blood & Transplant have been asked to perform a feasibility study on the use of double dose red cells for selected patient groups. This will be presented to the committee in Spring 2009 along side other options for risk-reduction of vCJD by transfusion.<br /><br />Q. Why does SaBTO still use estimates of prevalence from the Hilton study published in 2004 and not the later National Anonymised Tonsil Archive (NATA) study?<br /><br />This has been reviewed by the Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC) not SaBTO. The Hilton study was on both appendices and tonsils (but mainly appendices). There are differences between the studies in terms of the tissue studied, the period in time the study was performed since the initial BSE epidemic and the sensitivity of test methods used. SEAC therefore do not consider it to be appropriate to combine data from the two studies. The estimates of prevalence from the two studies are currently consistent with each other, and the confidence intervals of the NATA study are within those of the Hilton study.<br /><br />At the end of the meeting it was generally agreed that this exercise had been very useful – both to spread important information on this issue and also to open dialogue with all those involved. SaBTO intend to hold a similar public meeting next year.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acsbto/SaBTOPublicMeeting2008-Summary.pdf">http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acsbto/SaBTOPublicMeeting2008-Summary.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Worries over test for mad cow disease<br /><br />Published: Tuesday, 21-Oct-2008 Printer Friendly Email to a Friend<br /><br />Disease/Infection News<br /><br />A new test to screen blood for the incurable human form of mad cow disease could be available within 18 months, but it has raised concerns. The breakthrough blood test which will be able to diagnose variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases (vCJD), is currently undergoing clinical trials but experts are worried it will reduce the number of people prepared to donate blood - research suggests 1 in every 4,000 people might harbour vCJD in their blood, though 95% of them may never actually develop the full blown disease.<br /><br />Variant CJD is a rare and fatal human neurodegenerative condition and is a Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) or prion disease - because of the characteristic spongy degeneration of the brain - it is strongly linked to exposure, probably through food, to a TSE of cattle called Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE).<br /><br />In the early stages patients usually experience psychiatric symptoms such as depression or, less often, a schizophrenia-like psychosis.<br /><br />Unusual sensory symptoms, such as "stickiness" of the skin, have been experienced by half of the cases early in the illness and neurological signs, including unsteadiness, difficulty walking and involuntary movements, which develop as the illness progresses; by the time of death, patients become completely immobile and mute.<br /><br />There are at present no available, completely reliable diagnostic tests for use before the onset of clinical symptoms, but magnetic resonance scans, tonsillar biopsy and cerebrospinal fluid tests are useful for detection.<br /><br />The highest incidence of vCJD is in the UK, the country with the largest potential exposure to BSE. A statutory ban on the feeding of protein derived from ruminants (e.g. cattle, sheep and goats) to any ruminant exists.<br /><br />The use in the food chain of bovine offals thought to pose a potential risk to humans was also banned in the UK in 1989.<br /><br />According to advisers to the British government, though the test is undoubtedly a significant step towards eliminating the incurable disease and preventing it from becoming endemic in society, it could result in a reduction in the number of blood donors and there are also fears it could increase insurance premiums.<br /><br />Experts suspect that donors will be reluctant to give blood if they risk being told that they have the possibility of developing the disease which causes a horrible and agonising death.<br /><br />Dr. John Forsythe, chair of the Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood Tissues and Organs (SABTO) and a transplant surgeon at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh says the test does have significant downsides, despite concerns that the disease could become widespread in the UK.<br /><br />However only 4 of the 167 people who have died from vCJD contacted it through infected blood - but the knowledge of having the disease would be terrifying prospect.<br /><br />The problem is compounded because around 1% of the positive tests could be wrong and with two million people donating blood every year in Britain that could amount to 250 people being told they had the infection, and up to four of them being falsely diagnosed.<br /><br />Experts say from both a legal and ethical standpoint, those incubating the disease would have to be told even though only a few could develop it fully.<br /><br />In 2004 vCJD had an impact on blood supplies when the number of blood donors dropped by 52,000 when those who had received blood transfusions in the previous two decades was banned from donating blood.<br /><br />Currently donated blood is screened for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B and C, but because vCJD is neither curable or treatable, many donors may prefer to not know they could develop the progressive and fatal degenerative brain disease.<br /><br />Presently vCJD is tested for by performing post mortem biopsies on the brain.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.news-medical.net/?id=42079">http://www.news-medical.net/?id=42079</a><br /><br /><br /><br />SEAC<br /><br />ONE HUNDRED AND FIRST MEETING OF THE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE<br /><br />The Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee held its 101st meeting in London on 15th October 2008, and discussed the following:<br /><br />CURRENT ISSUES SEAC was informed about:<br /><br />. A mother and son in Spain who had died of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). This is the first recorded instance of more than one case of vCJD within one family. Both the mother and son lived in a region of Spain with a history of BSE and had frequently shared meals of cattle brain. As no other risk factor has been identified, it seems most likely that both infections were acquired from dietary exposure.<br /><br />. Results of tests on a single goat from a culled UK dairy herd with a large classical scrapie outbreak. On the basis of the results the presence of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) cannot be excluded. Further testing by mouse bioassays, which may take at least two, if not more, years to complete, is required to make a definitive diagnosis.<br /><br />UPDATE ON vCJD PREVALENCE STUDIES<br /><br />SEAC was updated by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) about the progress of the National Anonymous Tonsil Archive (NATA), a proposed second retrospective survey of 30 000 stored appendix samples and a proposed post mortem tissue archive. These studies would provide data to estimate the prevalence of subclinical vCJD (vCJD infections that have yet to develop, or may never develop, into clinical disease).<br /><br />Around 62 500 tonsil samples collected by NATA have been tested with no positive samples found. An application for the second retrospective survey of appendix samples is currently under consideration by a Research Ethics Committee. SEAC learned that the establishment of a post mortem tissue archive, which is dependent on the collection of samples from Coroners' autopsies, does not have the support of Coroners needed to take it forward. SEAC is extremely disappointed about the lack of support from Coroners for the post mortem tissue archive. As SEAC has repeatedly stated, the archive is key to obtaining better estimates of the prevalence of subclinical vCJD. These estimates are vital to make meaningful assessments of the risks to public health from vCJD and of the effectiveness of current, and the need for further, very costly public health protection measures. SEAC acknowledged the strenuous efforts made by the HPA, the Department of Health (DH) and National Health Service Blood and Tissue to devise a system to collect samples that would have the least impact on the work of Coroners. SEAC remains strongly in favour of establishing the archive.<br /><br />snip... see;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/101-1.pdf">http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/101-1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />PROTEASE SENSITIVE PRIONOPATHY<br /><br />SEAC discussed with Dr Pierluigi Gambetti (US National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center) his recently published report5 on the identification in the United States of America of a new human prion disease. SEAC agreed that there is considerable work to be done to characterise fully this new disease, its cause and whether it is infectious or not. As preliminary unpublished data were also presented, this issue was discussed in a reserved business session in accordance with the SEAC Code of Practice.<br /><br />RESULTS ON HUMAN SCLERA<br /><br />SEAC considered preliminary results provided by the HPA and National CJD Surveillance Unit from tests on eye tissue (sclera) from a vCJD case. The results suggest the presence of infectivity and, in contrast with previous testing of samples from other vCJD cases, abnormal prion protein in this tissue. However, as the sclera is very difficult to remove from surrounding eye tissues, which are themselves known to carry vCJD infectivity, the findings may have arisen as a result of contamination at autopsy. Nevertheless, even if the data are reliable, they indicate that there may only be a relatively low level of infectivity present in sclera. As preliminary unpublished data were considered, this issue was discussed in a reserved business session in accordance with the SEAC Code of Practice.<br /><br />5 Gambetti et al. (2008) A novel human disease with abnormal prion protein sensitive to protease. Ann. Neurol. 63, 697-708. 5 © SEAC 2008<br /><br />SEE FULL TEXT ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/101-summary.pdf">http://www.seac.gov.uk/papers/101-summary.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.mad-cow.org/dec99_news.html#bbb">http://www.mad-cow.org/dec99_news.html#bbb</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/01/cjd-hgh-body-snatchers.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/01/cjd-hgh-body-snatchers.html</a><br /><br /><br />5.5 There is now convincing evidence of human to human transmission of vCJD via blood transfusion with 3 clinical cases of the disease and one of sub-clinical infection believed to have been transmitted via this route. However, in humans little is known about the level, distribution and temporal development of infectivity in blood. Estimates of prevalence of asymptomatic infection in the UK population remain uncertain, as does the susceptibility of recipients to infection. 5.6 To assess the cost-effectiveness of future measures to reduce the risk of vCJD by blood components 8 scenarios relating to prevalence, susceptibility and infectivity were modelled: a prevalence of 1:20,000 (LOW) and1:4000 (HIGH), infectivity of 0.1 ID/ml (LOW) and 30 ID/ml (HIGH), and susceptibility of recipients to development of clinical disease of 10% (LOW) and 100% (HIGH). It was noted that the high susceptibility scenario is not consistent with the observed number of clinical cases. It was noted that SEAC reviewed data available to date from The National Anonymised Tonsil Archive (NATA) Study at their meeting on 25th April 2008 and has not revised its estimate of prevalence of sub-clinical infection as a result.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acsbto/2nd_meeting_minutes_290408.pdf">http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acsbto/2nd_meeting_minutes_290408.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />these minutes are not available yet ;<br /><br />1st Public Meeting of SaBTO (Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs)<br /><br />Tuesday 21st October 2008, 2pm-4pm<br /><br /><a href="http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acsbto/Public_Meeting-21_October_2008.htm">http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/acsbto/Public_Meeting-21_October_2008.htm</a><br /><br /><br />vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion risk Friday 8th December 2006<br /><br /><a href="http://www.mrc.ac.uk/consumption/groups/public/documents/content/mrc003431.pdf">http://www.mrc.ac.uk/consumption/groups/public/documents/content/mrc003431.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Public release date: 29-Aug-2008<br /><br />Contact: Tara Womersley <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:mailto:tara.womersley@ed.ac.uk">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:mailto:tara.womersley@ed.ac.uk</a> 44-131-650-9836 University of Edinburgh<br /><br />Study confirms vCJD could be transmitted by blood transfusion A 9-year study in sheep has added to the evidence that vCJD can be transmitted through blood transfusion in humans The findings underline the importance of precautions against vCJD transmission, such as the Government decision in 2004 to ban blood donations from anyone who had received a blood transfusion since 1980.<br /><br />The study published in Blood, the journal of the American Society of Hematology, looked at BSE transmission between sheep through infected blood with the aim of quantifying how vCJD - the human form of BSE - could be spread through transfusions.<br /><br />Researchers (Fiona Houston, Nora Hunter and colleagues) at the Neuropathogenesis Unit at the Institute of Animal Health, which is now part of The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, found that the likelihood of BSE being transmitted between sheep through transfusion of infected sheep blood was 36 per cent, with rates of 43 per cent found for scrapie.<br /><br />Fiona Houston, now at the University of Glasgow, who led the research, said: "It is apparent that the stage of disease incubation in infected donors played a large role in the likelihood of transmission. The longer that BSE or scrapie had been carried by donors, the greater the likelihood of the disease being transmitted with transfusions of infected blood."<br /><br />While cases of vCJD are tailing off there are concerns that up to 4,000 people could be carrying the disease in the UK, which could then be transmitted through infected blood causing further infections.<br /><br />Scientists are working to develop a test for vCJD that can be used before symptoms develop and a filter is also being trialled to remove prions – infective proteins – from donated blood.<br /><br />Dr Houston said: "The study shows that, for sheep infected with BSE or scrapie, transmission rates via blood transfusion can be high, particularly when donors are in the later stages of infection. This suggests that blood transfusion represents an efficient route of transmission for these diseases and justifies the current control measures put in place to safeguard human blood supplies.<br /><br />"While it may not correlate directly to what happens in the human population, due to factors such as species differences in genetic susceptibility to disease, it provides greater insight into the role of how vCJD may be carried through infected blood. By understanding how vCJD can be transmitted through blood transfusions, we can ensure the most effective control measures to minimise human to human infection."<br /><br />BSE is one of a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), which include scrapie and vCJD. Of 22 sheep that received BSE infected blood, eight showed evidence of infection. Nine out of 21 sheep receiving scrapie-infected blood developed the disease.<br /><br />To date 167 cases of vCJD have been recorded in the United Kingdom, of which three patients are thought to have received vCJD through infected blood.<br /><br />### Tara Womersley, Press and PR office, University of Edinburgh, Tel 0131 650 9836 or 07791 355 804 Email: <a href="mailto:Tara.womersley@ed.ac.uk">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:mailto:Tara.womersley@ed.ac.uk</a><br /><br /><br />The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-08/uoe-scv082908.php">http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-08/uoe-scv082908.php</a><br /><br /><br />PLEASE REMEMBER ALSO ;<br /><br />The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html">http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cjd-foundation-update.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cjd-foundation-update.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />----- Original Message -----<br />From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.<br />To: <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:mailto:FREAS@CBER.FDA.GOVCc">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:mailto:FREAS@CBER.FDA.GOVCc</a>: <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:mailto:william.freas@fda.hhs.gov">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:mailto:william.freas@fda.hhs.gov</a> ; <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:mailto:rosanna.harvey@fda.hhs.gov">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000179/!x-usc:mailto:rosanna.harvey@fda.hhs.gov</a><br />Sent: Wednesday, November 29, 2006 1:24 PM<br />Subject: TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006 [TSSSUBMISSION]<br /><br />November 29, 2006<br /><br />Greetings FDA, DHH, Dr. Freas, and Dr. Harvey et al, a kind and warm Holiday Greetings to you all. i kindly wish to submit the following to the TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006, about the assessment for potential exposure to vCJD in human plasma-derived antihemophilic factor (FVIII) products manufactured from U.S. plasma donors and related communication material ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm">http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><br />i see the media picked up on this as a 'low risk', from what the gov. agency perceived to be to them;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.newsday.com/news/health/ats-ap_health14nov27,0,7955259.story?coll=ny-leadhealthnews-headlines">http://www.newsday.com/news/health/ats-ap_health14nov27,0,7955259.story?coll=ny-leadhealthnews-headlines</a><br /><br /><br /><br />however, i seem to disagree. from my primitive ciphering, i see it another way. this is a huge catastrophic risk. 3 in 160 is 1.9%. so call that 2% which is 1 in 50 or twenty per thousand or 20,000 per million. also, what about the mixed genotypes/mixed susceptibility? what about the silent carriers that donated tainted blood? what about the sporadic CJDs of UNKNOWN strain or phenotype? this risk assessment is just more BSe to me. just another in a long line of industry fed crap. i pray that my assessment is the one that is wrong. but it is THEY who roll the dice with your life. it is THEY who refuse to regulate an industry that has run amok. just from a recall aspect of potentially tainted blood, and these are just recent recalls ;<br /><br /><br />PRODUCTSource Plasma, Recall # B-0054-7CODEUnits: 03MMNC5465, 03MMNC6361, 03MMNC6801, 03MMNC7510, 03MMNC7891,03MMNC8252, 03MMNC8801, 03MMNC9144, 03MMND1122, 03MMND1478, 03MMND1969,03MMND2350, 03MMND2825, 03MMND3211, 03MMND3708, 03MMND4072, 03MMND4588,03MMND4831, 03MMND5320, 03MMND5719, 03MMND6268, 03MMND6683, 03MMND7228,03MMND7656, 03MMND8211, 03MMND8652, 03MMND9195, 03MMND9618, 03MMNE0628,03MMNE0884, 03MMNE1597, 03MMNE1979, 03MMNE2644, 03MMNE3064, 03MMNE3707,03MMNE4122, 03MMNE4750, 03MMNE5080, 03MMNE5876, 03MMNE6218, 03MMNE7189,03MMNE7587, 03MMNE8027, 03MMNE8645, 03MMNE9029, 03MMNE9641, 03MMNE9979,03MMNF0491, 03MMNF0685, 03MMNF0937, 03MMNF1260, 04MMNA0351, 04MMNA0707,04MMNA1241, 04MMNA1650, 04MMNA2291, 04MMNA2646, 04MMNA3340, 04MMNA3719,04MMNA4312, 04MMNA4683, 04MMNA5298, 04MMNA5750, 04MMNA6407, 04MMNA6816,04MMNA7482, 04MMNA7915, 04MMNA8632, 04MMNA9076, 04MMNA9723, 04MMNB0063,04MMNB0696, 04MMNB1100, 04MMNB1845, 04MMNB2285, 04MMNB3035, 04MMNB3485,04MMNB4213, 04MMNB4672, 04MMNB5841, 04MMNB6652, 04MMNB7162, 04MMNB7930,04MMNB8453, 04MMNB9239, 04MMNB9747, 04MMNC0456, 04MMNC0931, 04MMNC1578RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERBioLife Plasma Services, L.P., Mankato, MN, by facsimile on June 4, 2004.Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, collected from a donor who was at increased risk for newvariant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD), were distributed.VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE89 unitsDISTRIBUTIONCA and AustriaEND OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR October 25, 2006###http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00975.htmlUSA FDA MAD COW BLOOD HUMANS RECALL (these are dime a dozen)RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: BIOLOGICS -- CLASS II______________________________PRODUCTSource Plasma, Recall # B-1708-6CODEUnits: MI180733, MI180927, MI181625, MI181780, MI182337, MI182519, MI183140,MI183311, MI183955, MI185006, MI185278, MI185822, MI186081, MI186855,MI187183, MI187903, MI188273, MI188695, MI189257, MI189553, MI190136,MI190473, MI191073, MI191395, MI191972, MI192303, MI193473, MI194343,04MINA0377, 04MINA0801, 05MINA7147, 05MINA7451, 05MINA8094, 05MINA8504,05MINA9548, 05MINA9883, 05MINB0489, 05MINB0875, 05MINB1469, 05MINB1874,05MINB3116, 05MINB7192, 05MINB7529, 05MINB8246, 05MINB8612, 05MINB9236,05MINB9366, 05MINB9475, 05MINB9641, 05MINC0031, 05MINC0237, 05MINC0336,05MINC0894, 05MINC0964, 05MINC1138, 05MINC1619, 05MINC1750, 05MINC1907,05MINC1977, 05MINC2375, 05MINC2774, 05MINC3113, 05MINC3484, 05MINC4277,05MINC4623, 05MINC5623, 05MINC5914, 05MINC7545, 05MINC7870, 05MINC8355,05MINC8689, 05MINC9437, 05MINC9775, 05MIND0067, 05MIND0393, 05MIND0892,05MIND0951, 05MIND1836, 05MIND2183 and 05MIND2962RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERBioLife Plasma Services L.P., Muncie, IN, by facsimile on November 22, 2005.Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, collected from unsuitable donors based on risk factors forCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), were distributed.VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE80 unitsDISTRIBUTIONCA, NC, and MD______________________________PRODUCTa) Red Blood Cells, Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1714-6;b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1715-6;c) Platelets, Recall # B-1716-6CODEa), b), and c) Unit: 2443732RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERSouth Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by letters datedNovember 11, 2003 and December 18, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, co lected from a donor who was at increased risk for newvariant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD), were distributed.VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE3 unitsDISTRIBUTIONTX and WIEND OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 13, 2006###http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00969.htmlPRODUCTFresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1751-6CODEUnit: 4936623RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERGulf Coast Regional Blood Center, Houston, TX, by facsimile dated September16, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood product, which was collected from an unsuitable donor based on riskfactors for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), was distributed.VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE1 unitDISTRIBUTIONTXEND OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 6, 2006###http://ww .fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.htmlMon Aug 7, 2006 10:2471.248.132.189PRODUCTa) Red Blood Cells, Recall # B-1587-6;b) Cryoprecipitated AHF, Recall # B-1588-6;c) Recovered Plasma, Recal # B-1589-6CODEa), b) and c) Unit: 2016719RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERWalter Shepeard Community Blood Center, Inc., Augusta, GA, by facsimile onMarch 13, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increasedrisk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed.VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE3 unitsDISTRIBUTIONGA and Germany______________________________PRODUCTa) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1590-6;b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1591-6CODEa) and b) Unit: 2443595RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERSouth Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on June30, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increasedrisk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed.VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE2 unitsDISTRIBUTIONTX______________________________PRODUCTa) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1592-6;b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1593-6CODEa) and b) Unit: 2545596RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURERSouth Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile onDecember 14, 2004 and January 3, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete.REASONBlood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increasedrisk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed.VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE2 unitsDISTRIBUTIONTX______________________________http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html<br /><br />SNIP...FULL TEXT ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8">http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4271t1.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4271t1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Friday, October 24, 2008<br /><br />CBER 2007 Annual Report Assessing the Potential Risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease from Blood Products<br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/10/cber-2007-annual-report-assessing.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Docket APHIS-2006-0041 Docket Title Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; Minimal-Risk Regions; Importation of Live Bovines and Products Derived from Bovines Commodities Docket Type Rulemaking Document APHIS-2006-0041-0001 Document Title Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; Minimal-Risk Regions; Importation of Live Bovines and Products Derived From Bovines Public Submission APHIS-2006-0041-0006.1 Public Submission Title Attachment to Singletary comment<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3412&disposition=attachment&contentType=crtext">http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3412&disposition=attachment&contentType=crtext</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main=DocumentDetail&d=APHIS-2006-0041-0006.1">http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/component/main?main=DocumentDetail&d=APHIS-2006-0041-0006.1</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8">http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-92039596261392449572008-08-24T08:48:00.000-07:002009-10-24T14:01:27.612-07:00Blood scandal victims speak out Infected with HIV, about 5,700 in Britain were 'used as lab rats'Blood scandal victims speak out Infected with HIV, about 5,700 in Britain were 'used as lab rats'<br /><br />By GREGORY KATZ Associated Press Aug. 23, 2008, 7:17PM<br /><br /><br />PEEBLES, SCOTLAND — Robert Mackie trembles with rage when he describes how he and his wife were kept in the dark about his HIV infection — and how doctors published his medical data in journals years before they gave him the devastating news.<br /><br />Mackie is one of about 5,700 British hemophiliacs who received tainted blood and were infected with HIV, hepatitis or both, in what has been viewed as one of the worst treatment disasters in the history of Britain's heath care system. Nearly a third have since died.<br /><br />Tainted blood scandals have been investigated throughout the world, leading to some convictions of health officials and many compensation packages for infected hemophiliacs, but there has been no detailed probe in Britain until now. One inquiry under way will likely end in a nonbinding report, while the other is an official investigation by the Scottish government that could lead to charges filed against individuals.<br /><br />"They used me as a guinea pig," said Mackie, 58, in his house in Scotland. "It's just a miracle my wife wasn't infected."<br /><br />An inherited disorder Hemophiliacs suffer from an inherited disorder that prevents blood from clotting. Mackie — an active sportsman who had hoped to become a salmon fishing guide — had controlled his hemophilia with a treatment called cryoprecipitate when he switched in 1980 to a new product. Called Factor VIII, it was supposed to be more effective in helping his blood clot.<br /><br />In 1983, he heard hemophiliacs were developing AIDS, then a mysterious disease that usually claimed its victims in two or three years.<br /><br />He said he asked his doctors if he could be exposed to the killer virus through his use of Factor VIII, a relatively new blood plasma product made from blood collected from thousands of donors.<br /><br />They told him not to worry. A year later, he was infected by a contaminated batch.<br /><br />"We could have had more of a family," says Alice Mackie, who had a son with Robert before he became infected. "The two of us had plans for what we were going to do. But you could say our whole lives stopped."<br /><br />The tainted blood led to the deaths of Mackie's cousin, two uncles and friends, who were part of a close-knit community of hemophiliacs in Scotland.<br /><br />"From '87, all we saw was people dying," said Alice, her hair white at 51. "And believe me, when you see someone dying of AIDS, it's really bad."<br /><br />No consent for study Mackie said he was told of his infection in 1987. But he told an independent inquiry commission that when he finally obtained his medical records, he learned he had been used for an AIDS study that began several years before then.<br /><br />Mackie said that in 1985 — when he was already infected but didn't know it — his physician, Dr. Christopher Ludlam, wrote to government authorities seeking ethics approval to study the immune system of infected patients and claimed that his patients knew about the research and had agreed to participate.<br /><br />"If, as the ethics application form states, consent was obtained from all subjects ... how is it that I did not know about my AIDS status until 1987?" he said at the hearing. "I did not know anything about his studies or research."<br /><br />Ludlam, who practices at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, declined to talk with The Associated Press about the case.<br /><br />Brian Montgomery, a National Health Service executive who oversees the hospital, said it would be "inappropriate" to comment while the inquiries are ongoing.<br /><br />New medicine helps Surprisingly, Mackie stayed relatively healthy for a decade. He thought he had escaped a death sentence, but in 1997 his appetite began to wane. By 2000, he had advanced symptoms of AIDS.<br /><br />He became too weak to climb stairs. The smell of food sickened him. Doctors said he had a few weeks left, but he was too stubborn, and too suspicious about doctors, to take the new anti-retroviral drugs that were by then extending the lives of many AIDS patients.<br /><br />For days he sat, feverish, in his kitchen, believing death was imminent.<br /><br />Then, drawing on reserves he did not know he possessed, his fighting spirit returned. He gave in to Alice's pleas and started to take the new drugs after she convinced him they were not poison.<br /><br />The drugs worked. Mackie said they at first caused a dangerous reaction that left him "out of his head" but eventually gave him more energy and confidence.<br /><br />Despite being weak from AIDS and Hepatitis C, which he found out he had in 2000, Mackie insisted on giving evidence to the Archer committee last year. The hearings were closed to the public but a report is expected next month.<br /><br />Alice read most of his statement, and he spoke quietly when he spoke at all, but he did raise his voice at one point to tell the committee that doctors had endangered the safety of his wife and son by holding back his HIV status.<br /><br />"I believe nonconsensual research was conducted by doctors of hemophilia in this country," he said, voice booming again. "We were all used as lab rats."<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/world/5962519.html">http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/world/5962519.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />4th case of variant CJD infection associated with blood transfusion 18 January 2007<br /><br />A new case of variant-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD ) associated with a blood transfusion has recently been diagnosed.<br /><br />This latest patient has been diagnosed with vCJD about nine years after receiving a blood transfusion from a donor who later went on to develop vCJD. A transfusion from the same blood donor was also associated with one of the previously identified cases. The patient is still alive and is under specialist care.<br /><br />This fourth case of vCJD infection associated with blood transfusion increases the concern about the risk of vCJD transmission between humans via blood transfusion. All four cases relate to the transfusion of blood components: no cases have been reported relating to treatment with plasma products.<br /><br />The patient is one of a small number (less than 30) of living individuals who are known to have received a blood transfusion in the UK from a donor who later developed vCJD. All these individuals have previously been informed of their potential exposure to vCJD and asked to take certain precautions to reduce the chance of passing on vCJD to other people via healthcare procedures, such as surgery.<br /><br />The Health Protection Agency has been in contact with doctors caring for the other patients who have been exposed to blood transfusions from donors who later developed vCJD. This is to ensure that they are informed of this new development and provide access to the latest information and specialist advice about their risk due to blood transfusion.<br /><br />Professor Peter Borriello, Director of the HPA's Centre for Infections said, "This new case of vCJD infection increases our concern about the risk to the small group of people who had blood transfusions from donors who unknowingly at the time of donation must have had vCJD infection. However, this new case does not change our understanding of the risk for other people in any specific way. It does however reinforce the importance of the precautions that have already been taken to reduce the risk of transmission of vCJD infection by blood."<br /><br />Dr Angela Robinson, Medical Director of NHS Blood and Transplant said, "Blood transfusions are often given to save or prolong the life of patients who are very ill and the benefit of receiving a transfusion when needed must always be balanced against any possible risk. Nonetheless, our primary concern is the safety of our patients through maintaining the quality of blood used for medical treatment. Since 1997, the NBS has introduced a range of precautionary measures against the risk of vCJD."<br /><br />vCJD is a rare disease, and less than 2% of the vCJD cases reported to date in the UK have been associated with blood transfusion.<br /><br />Notes to Editors:<br /><br />To date, there have been 66 people identified in the UK who have received vCJD implicated blood transfusions. The transfusions received by these 66 individuals were donated by eighteen different donors who were diagnosed with vCJD after their blood donation. Of these 66 people, 40 have died of illnesses other than vCJD, including one patient who was found to have evidence of vCJD in parts of their body after their death. Including the new (4th) case, 3 of these people who have received vCJD implicated blood transfusions have developed symptoms of vCJD. There are 23 people who have received vCJD implicated blood transfusions who are alive and have not been diagnosed with vCJD.<br /><br />The identification of cases of variant-CJD associated with blood transfusion has depended on the Transfusion Medicine Epidemiology Review, a collaborative study between the National Blood Services, the National CJD Surveillance Unit and the Office of National Statistics. For further information about this study see Hewitt et al Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and blood transfusion: results of the UK Transfusion Epidemiology Review study. Vox Sanguinis 2006 91:221-230.<br /><br />'Blood Transfusion' means transfusion with labile blood components (e.g. red cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma). This latest case (and the previous three referred to) relate to transfusion of blood components and not treatment with plasma products (i.e. products that are manufactured from plasma). To date, no case of vCJD has been associated with treatment with plasma-products (e.g. clotting factors used to treat individuals with bleeding disorders such as haemophilia).<br /><br />This fourth case has been classified by the National CJD Surveillance Unit ( <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/">www.cjd.ed.ac.uk</a> ) as a 'probable' case of vCJD. Of the 158 vCJD cases that have died (data to 5 Jan 2007), all 112 that have undergone post-mortem (46 have not) have been 'confirmed' by neuropathological examination (examination of brain tissue).<br /><br />The first clinical case of vCJD associated with transfusion was identified in December 2003. A case of vCJD 'infection' associated with transfusion was identified a few months later. The patient had no symptoms but evidence of infection (abnormal prion proteins) was identified in a post mortem investigation. The individual died from causes unrelated to vCJD.<br /><br />Following the first case of vCJD associated with a blood transfusion in 2003, the Department of Health asked all recipients of blood transfusions not to donate blood as a precautionary measure to protect the blood supply from vCJD.<br /><br />Patients who are informed that they are considered to be 'at risk' of vCJD for public health purposes are asked to take the following precautions to reduce the chance of passing on vCJD to other people: Not to donate blood, tissues or organs and To inform their healthcare providers of their 'at-risk' status so that special procedures may be arranged for certain instruments used in their healthcare (NB. Their GPs are also asked to do this.)<br /><br />A range of measures have been put in place by the Department of Health to minimise the possible risk of vCJD being passed through blood:<br /><br />Since 1997 all cases of vCJD that are reported to the National CJD Surveillance Unit and diagnosed as having 'probable' vCJD, result in a search of the UK Blood Services blood donor records. If the patient has donated blood, any unused parts of that blood are immediately removed from stock. The fate of all used components of blood from the donor is traced, and surviving recipients informed of their risk. In July 1998, the Department of Health announced that plasma for the manufacture of blood products, such as clotting factors, would be obtained from non-UK sources. Since October 1999, white blood cells (which may carry the greatest risk of transmitting vCJD) have been removed from all blood used for transfusion. In August 2002 the Department of Health announced that fresh frozen plasma for treating babies and young children born after 1 January 1996 would be obtained from the USA, extended to all children under 16 years of age (Summer 2005). In December 2002, the Department of Health completed its purchase of the largest remaining independent US plasma collector, Life Resources Incorporated. This secures long-term supplies of non-UK blood plasma for the benefit of NHS patients. Since April 2004, blood donations have not been accepted from people who have themselves received a blood transfusion in the UK since 1980. This has been extended to include apheresis donors and donors who are unsure if they had previously had a blood transfusion (August 2004). Since late 2005, blood donations have not been accepted from donors whose blood was transfused to patients who later developed vCJD. The UK Blood Services continue to promote the appropriate use of blood and tissues and alternatives throughout the NHS.<br /><br />The likelihood of a person who may be infected with vCJD going onto develop symptoms of the disease is uncertain, and may depend on individual susceptibility. It is possible that infected individuals may never develop symptoms.<br /><br />For further information contact the HPA press office on 0208 327 7098/7097/6055<br /><br />Specialist care for vCJD is available from The NHS National Prion Clinic, based at The Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nationalprionclinic.org/">http://www.nationalprionclinic.org/</a><br /><br /><br />The National CJD Surveillance Unit is based at the Western General Hospital Edinburgh:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/">www.cjd.ed.ac.uk</a><br /><br /><br />For further information about vCJD go to:<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/cjd/menu.htm">http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/cjd/menu.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/CJD/fs/en">http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/CJD/fs/en</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:http://www.blood.co.uk/">http://www.blood.co.uk/</a> <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/">http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk</a> <a href="http://www.nationalprionclinic.org/">http://www.nationalprionclinic.org/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Last reviewed: 13 December 2007<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1195733711457?p=1171991026241">http://www.hpa.org.uk/webw/HPAweb&HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1195733711457?p=1171991026241</a><br /><br /><br /><br />TRANSFUSION MEDICINE<br /><br />EPIDEMIOLOGY REVIEW (TMER)<br /><br />The Transfusion Medicine Epidemiology Review (TMER) is a collaborative project between the UK NCJDSU and the UK Blood Services. The main purpose is to investigate whether there is any evidence that Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) or variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) may have been transmitted via the blood supply.<br /><br />This website contains data on vCJD donors and cases of vCJD who have received transfusions in the past but does not contain data on the ongoing study of sporadic CJD.<br /><br />This site was last updated on 11 March 2008<br /><br />Methods<br /><br />Results<br /><br />vCJD donor summary<br /><br />Use of blood donations from vCJD cases<br /><br />Fate of recipients<br /><br />vCJD cases who received blood tranfusion(s) in the past<br /><br />Relevant Publications<br /><br />Back to NCJDSU Home Page<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/TMER/TMER.htm">http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/TMER/TMER.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Thursday, July 24, 2008<br /><br />Prion diseases are efficiently transmitted by blood transfusion in sheep<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/07/prion-diseases-are-efficiently.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/07/prion-diseases-are-efficiently.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />4th CASE VCJD VIA BLOOD TRANSFUSION, BSE, BASE, AND SPORADIC CJD<br /><br />By Terry S Singeltary<br /><br />Bacliff, Texas USA Jan 24, 07<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bloodindex.com/view_news_zone.php?id=206">http://www.bloodindex.com/view_news_zone.php?id=206</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />----- Original Message ----- From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. To: <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:FREAS@CBER.FDA.GOV">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:FREAS@CBER.FDA.GOV</a> Cc: <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:william.freas@fda.hhs.gov">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:william.freas@fda.hhs.gov</a> ; <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:rosanna.harvey@fda.hhs.gov">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:rosanna.harvey@fda.hhs.gov</a> Sent: Wednesday, November 29, 2006 1:24 PM Subject: TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006 [TSS SUBMISSION]<br /><br />November 29, 2006<br /><br />Greetings FDA, DHH, Dr. Freas, and Dr. Harvey et al,<br /><br />a kind and warm Holiday Greetings to you all.<br /><br />i kindly wish to submit the following to the TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006, about the assessment for potential exposure to vCJD in human plasma-derived antihemophilic factor (FVIII) products manufactured from U.S. plasma donors and related communication material ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm">http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><br />i see the media picked up on this as a 'low risk', from what the gov. agency perceived to be to them;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.newsday.com/news/health/ats-ap_health14nov27,0,7955259.story?coll=ny-leadhealthnews-headlines">http://www.newsday.com/news/health/ats-ap_health14nov27,0,7955259.story?coll=ny-leadhealthnews-headlines</a><br /><br /><br /><br />however, i seem to disagree. from my primitive ciphering, i see it another way. this is a huge catastrophic risk. 3 in 160 is 1.9%. so call that 2% which is 1 in 50 or twenty per thousand or 20,000 per million. also, what about the mixed genotypes/mixed susceptibility? what about the silent carriers that donated tainted blood? what about the sporadic CJDs of UNKNOWN strain or phenotype? this risk assessment is just more BSe to me. Just another in a long line of industry fed crap. i pray that my assessment is the one that is wrong. but it is THEY who roll the dice with your life. It is THEY who refuse to regulate an industry that has run amok. just from a recall aspect of potentially tainted blood, and these are just recent recalls ;<br /><br />PRODUCT Source Plasma, Recall # B-0054-7 CODE Units: 03MMNC5465, 03MMNC6361, 03MMNC6801, 03MMNC7510, 03MMNC7891, 03MMNC8252, 03MMNC8801, 03MMNC9144, 03MMND1122, 03MMND1478, 03MMND1969, 03MMND2350, 03MMND2825, 03MMND3211, 03MMND3708, 03MMND4072, 03MMND4588, 03MMND4831, 03MMND5320, 03MMND5719, 03MMND6268, 03MMND6683, 03MMND7228, 03MMND7656, 03MMND8211, 03MMND8652, 03MMND9195, 03MMND9618, 03MMNE0628, 03MMNE0884, 03MMNE1597, 03MMNE1979, 03MMNE2644, 03MMNE3064, 03MMNE3707, 03MMNE4122, 03MMNE4750, 03MMNE5080, 03MMNE5876, 03MMNE6218, 03MMNE7189, 03MMNE7587, 03MMNE8027, 03MMNE8645, 03MMNE9029, 03MMNE9641, 03MMNE9979, 03MMNF0491, 03MMNF0685, 03MMNF0937, 03MMNF1260, 04MMNA0351, 04MMNA0707, 04MMNA1241, 04MMNA1650, 04MMNA2291, 04MMNA2646, 04MMNA3340, 04MMNA3719, 04MMNA4312, 04MMNA4683, 04MMNA5298, 04MMNA5750, 04MMNA6407, 04MMNA6816, 04MMNA7482, 04MMNA7915, 04MMNA8632, 04MMNA9076, 04MMNA9723, 04MMNB0063, 04MMNB0696, 04MMNB1100, 04MMNB1845, 04MMNB2285, 04MMNB3035, 04MMNB3485, 04MMNB4213, 04MMNB4672, 04MMNB5841, 04MMNB6652, 04MMNB7162, 04MMNB7930, 04MMNB8453, 04MMNB9239, 04MMNB9747, 04MMNC0456, 04MMNC0931, 04MMNC1578 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER BioLife Plasma Services, L.P., Mankato, MN, by facsimile on June 4, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor who was at increased risk for new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 89 units DISTRIBUTION CA and Austria<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR October 25, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00975.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00975.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />USA FDA MAD COW BLOOD HUMANS RECALL (these are dime a dozen)<br /><br />RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: BIOLOGICS -- CLASS II ______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma, Recall # B-1708-6 CODE Units: MI180733, MI180927, MI181625, MI181780, MI182337, MI182519, MI183140, MI183311, MI183955, MI185006, MI185278, MI185822, MI186081, MI186855, MI187183, MI187903, MI188273, MI188695, MI189257, MI189553, MI190136, MI190473, MI191073, MI191395, MI191972, MI192303, MI193473, MI194343, 04MINA0377, 04MINA0801, 05MINA7147, 05MINA7451, 05MINA8094, 05MINA8504, 05MINA9548, 05MINA9883, 05MINB0489, 05MINB0875, 05MINB1469, 05MINB1874, 05MINB3116, 05MINB7192, 05MINB7529, 05MINB8246, 05MINB8612, 05MINB9236, 05MINB9366, 05MINB9475, 05MINB9641, 05MINC0031, 05MINC0237, 05MINC0336, 05MINC0894, 05MINC0964, 05MINC1138, 05MINC1619, 05MINC1750, 05MINC1907, 05MINC1977, 05MINC2375, 05MINC2774, 05MINC3113, 05MINC3484, 05MINC4277, 05MINC4623, 05MINC5623, 05MINC5914, 05MINC7545, 05MINC7870, 05MINC8355, 05MINC8689, 05MINC9437, 05MINC9775, 05MIND0067, 05MIND0393, 05MIND0892, 05MIND0951, 05MIND1836, 05MIND2183 and 05MIND2962 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER BioLife Plasma Services L.P., Muncie, IN, by facsimile on November 22, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from unsuitable donors based on risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 80 units DISTRIBUTION CA, NC, and MD<br /><br />______________________________<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells, Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1714-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1715-6; c) Platelets, Recall # B-1716-6 CODE a), b), and c) Unit: 2443732 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by letters dated November 11, 2003 and December 18, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor who was at increased risk for new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION TX and WI<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 13, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00969.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00969.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />PRODUCT Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1751-6 CODE Unit: 4936623 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center, Houston, TX, by facsimile dated September 16, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood product, which was collected from an unsuitable donor based on risk factors for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), was distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 1 unit DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 6, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Mon Aug 7, 2006 10:24 71.248.132.189<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells, Recall # B-1587-6; b) Cryoprecipitated AHF, Recall # B-1588-6; c) Recovered Plasma, Recal # B-1589-6 CODE a), b) and c) Unit: 2016719 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Walter Shepeard Community Blood Center, Inc., Augusta, GA, by facsimile on March 13, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION GA and Germany<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1590-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1591-6 CODE a) and b) Unit: 2443595 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on June 30, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1592-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1593-6 CODE a) and b) Unit: 2545596 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on December 14, 2004 and January 3, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />______________________________<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1550-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1551-6 CODE a) and b) Unit 2395371 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by fax on August 20, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX ______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1552-6; b) Platelets, Recall # B-1553-6; c) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1554-6 CODE a), b) and c) Unit 2438702 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by fax on May 29, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1555-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1556-6 CODE a) and b) Unit 2454970 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by fax on July 23 and December 11. 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells, Recall # B-1494-6 b) Cryoprecipitated AHF, Recall # B-1495-6 CODE a) and b) Unit 5013100 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Walter L. Shepeard Community Blood Center, Inc., Augusta, GA, by fax on May 17, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION GA<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma, Recall # B-1450-6 CODE Unit numbers ST0824313 and ST0824764 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Stillwater Plasma Center LLC, Stillwater, OK, by fax on November 21, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor whose suitability pertaining to risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) was not adequately determined, were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION UK<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Plasma Frozen, Recall # B-1422-6; Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1423-6 CODE a) Unit 03E42218; b) Unit 03E38153 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER American Red Cross Blood Services, Atlanta, GA, by telephone, e-mail or letter on February 20 or 21, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION GA and Switzerland<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1374-6; b) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1375-6 CODE a) and b) unit 2453906 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by fax on October 31 and November 5, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Austria<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma. Recall # B-1295-6 CODE Units: NG0046551, NG0045950 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER DCI Biologicals Nacogdoches LLC, Nacogdoches, TX, by telephone and fax on December 20, 2002, Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor who did not answer the questions on the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (nvCJD) questionnaire appropriately, were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION KY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma. Recall # B-1296-6 CODE Unit: NG 0044520 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER DCI Biologicals Nacogdoches LLC, Nacogdoches, TX, by telephone and fax on December 12, 2002. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood product, collected from a donor who did not answer the questions on the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (nvCJD) questionnaire, was distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 1 unit DISTRIBUTION KY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma. Recall # B-1297-6 CODE Units: NG0042874, NG0043139, NG0043312, NG0043618, NG0043797, NG0044020, NG0044209, NG0044507, NG0044718, NG0044977, NG0045161, NG0045412, NG0045555 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER DCI Biologicals Nacogdoches LLC, Nacogdoches, TX, by telephone and fax on December 20, 2002. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor considered to be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 13 units DISTRIBUTION KY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma, Recall # B-1298-6 CODE Units: NG 0046823, NG 0046671, NG 0045205, NG 0044635, NG 0043095, NG 0042525, NG 0042341 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER DCI Biologicals Nacogdoches LLC, Nacogdoches, TX, by telephone and fax on December 20, 2002. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor who answered questions on the variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) questionnaire inappropriately, were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 7 units DISTRIBUTION KY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1299-6 CODE Unit: 4357117 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Department of the Navy, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA, by fax and letter on September 25, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood product, collected from a donor considered to be at risk of exposure to Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD), was distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 1 unit DISTRIBUTION Germany<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR July 12, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00960.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00960.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD WATCH MESSAGE BOARD TSS FDA mad cow nvCJD 'only' blood recalls 1ST WEEK JULY Fri Jul 7, 2006 09:37 70.110.83.160<br /><br />FDA mad cow nvCJD 'only' blood recalls 1ST WEEK JULY<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1379-6; b) Platelets, Recall # B-1380-6; c) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # 1381-6; d) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1382-6 CODE a) Unit numbers: 2343106, 2377779, and 2403533; b) and c) Unit numbers: 2377779; d) Unit numbers: 2343106 and 2403533 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on June 12, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 7 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Austria ______________________________<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1467-6; b) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1468-6 CODE a) and b) Unit numbers: 2329380 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on May 8, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Switzerland<br /><br />______________________________<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1479-6; b) Cryoprecipitated AHF, Recall # B-1480-6; c) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1481-6 CODE a), b), and c) Unit numbers: 2383280 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on July 23 and 29, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Switzerland<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1482-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1483-6 CODE a) and b) Unit number: 2501452 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on October 5, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX and NY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1484-6; b) Plasma Cryoprecipitated Reduced, Recall # B-1485-6; c) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1486-6 CODE a) and c) Unit number: 2554077; b) Unit number: 2415708 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on August 13, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Austria<br /><br />_____________________________________<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR July 5, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00959.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00959.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Greetings again Dr. Freas et al at FDA,<br /><br />WITH new atypical TSE in the bovine, in the sheep, goat, and humans, and the fact that the new BASE TSE in cattle being very very similar to sporadic CJD, rather than the nvCJD, the fact that now science showing the TSE agent of the atypical cattle in Japan showing infectivity other than CNS tissue, the fact that the latest Texas mad cow and the recent Alabama mad cow both being of the atypical strain, it would seem prudent to include all human TSE in the blood ban, in my opinion. with sporadic CJD, you have many strains and or phenotypes, some of which are 'UNKNOWN', so we do not know how this will transmit, what tissues are infectious and or if blood transmits. that's the bottom line, however it has been reported that the BASE is more virulent to humans. With this, and the fact that sporadic CJD has tripled in the past few years or so, i see it as being prudent to take serious and immediate action ;<br /><br />PERSPECTIVE<br /><br />On the Question of Sporadic or Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease<br /><br />Paul Brown,* Lisa M. McShane,† Gianluigi Zanusso,‡ and Linda Detwiler§<br /><br /><br />snip... full text 48 pages ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8">http://www.regulations.gov/fdmspublic/ContentViewer?objectId=09000064801f3413&disposition=attachment&contentType=msw8</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Subject: Re: Docket No. 2005N-0373 RIN number 0910-AF54 Use of Materials Derived From Cattle in Medical Products REOPENING COMMENT PERIOD Date: March 30, 2007 at 11:37 am PST<br /><br />Subject: Re: Docket No. 2005N-0373 RIN number 0910-AF54 TSS SUBMISSION Date: March 30, 2007 at 10:57 am PST<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/07/docket-no-2005n-0373-and-rin-number.html">http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/07/docket-no-2005n-0373-and-rin-number.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />18 January 2007 - Draft minutes of the SEAC 95 meeting (426 KB) held on 7 December 2006 are now available.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />4. Members had received information about the notification by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) of recipients of four batches of plasma products that had been produced from blood donated by individuals that had later developed variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (vCJD). THESE batches HAD NOT been included in a similar notification exercise in 2004, as the fate of these products COULD NOT BE TRACED at that time. The fourteenth annual report of the National CJD Surveillance Unit had been published. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) had issued a consultation on a revised methodology for geographical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) risk assessment. Members could submit individual responses. Submission of a SEAC response was under consideration.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />ITEM 9 - ANY OTHER BUSINESS<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />***$$$***<br /><br />64. A member noted that at the recent Neuroprion meeting, a study was presented showing that in transgenic mice BSE passaged in sheep may be more virulent and infectious to a wider range of species than bovine derived BSE. Other work presented suggested that BSE and bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE) MAY BE RELATED. A mutation had been identified in the prion protein gene in an AMERICAN BASE CASE THAT WAS SIMILAR IN NATURE TO A MUTATION FOUND IN CASES OF SPORADIC CJD. A study also demonstrated that in a mouse model it was possible to alleviate the pathological changes of prion disease by suppressing expression of the prion protein gene after infection.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/95.pdf">http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/95.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Molecular Mechanisms of Prion Pathogenesis<br /><br />Adriano Aguzzi, Christina Sigurdson, and Mathias Heikenwaelder Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Z¨ urich, CH-8091 Z¨ urich, Switzerland; email: <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:adriano.aguzzi@usz.ch">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:adriano.aguzzi@usz.ch</a>, <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:mathias.heikenwaelder@usz.ch">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:mathias.heikenwaelder@usz.ch</a>, <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:christina.sigurdson@usz.ch">mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:mailto:christina.sigurdson@usz.ch</a> Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis. 2008. 3:11-40 First published online as a Review in Advance on August 8, 2007 The Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease is online at pathmechdis.annualreviews.org This article's doi: 10.1146/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.154326 Copyright c 2008 by Annual Reviews. All rights<br /><br />Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis. 2008. 3:11-40 First published online as a Review in Advance on August 8, 2007 The Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease is online at pathmechdis.annualreviews.org This article's doi: 10.1146/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.154326 Copyright c 2008 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 1553-4006/08/0228-0011$20.00<br /><br />Abstract<br /><br />Prion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative diseases occurring in humans and animals with an invariably lethal outcome. One fundamental mechanistic event in prion diseases is the aggregation of aberrantly folded prion protein into large amyloid plaques and fibrous structures associated with neurodegeneration. The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is absolutely required for disease development, and prion knockout mice are not susceptible to prion disease. Prions accumulate not only in the central nervous system but also in lymphoid organs, as shown for new variant and sporadic Creutzfeldt- Jakob patients and for some animals. To date it is largely accepted that prions consist primarily of PrPSc, a misfolded and aggregated â-sheet-rich isoform of PrPC. However, PrPSc may or may not be completely congruent with the infectious moiety. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration, the role of the immune system in prion pathogenesis, and the existence of prion strains that appear to have different tropisms and biochemical characteristics.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />As an example in the field of human medicine, four cases of vCJD have been reported to be caused by blood transfusion (9- 11). This indicates that BSE prions can be recycled among humans, which has caused considerable alarm that the supply of bloodderived pharmaceuticals may be threatened (12). In particular, the report of a subclinical blood-derived vCJD infection in an individual carrying a heterozygote methionine/ valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the human PRNP gene (10) suggests that transmission of BSE prions to humans enhances their virulence and broadens the spectrum of susceptible recipients. In this respect, it has been demonstrated that polymorphisms at codon 129 of the human PRNP gene control susceptibility and incubation time in human patients (e.g., 129MM versus 129MV or 129VV drastically increases the susceptibility of humans to BSE prions). It was reported only recently that most individuals who suffered from kuru and were polymorphic at codon 129 showed incubation times longer than 50 years (13). Moreover, recent reports indicate that there is still a lot to be learned about the mechanisms of prion transmission (e.g., human to human or within scrapie-affected animal flocks) and prion tropism underlining the complex alternating distribution patterns of PrPSc (e.g., PrPSc deposition in lymphoid tissue, the CNS) and prion infectivity under varying conditions (e.g., chronic inflammation) and hosts (e.g., sheep, elk and deer, human): Chronic inflammation can alter the tropism of prion infectivity or PrPSc to organs hitherto believed prion free (e.g., liver, pancreas, kidney of mice, mammary gland of sheep, muscle of humans) (14-16). Moreover, PrPSc was reported in spleen and muscle tissue of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients (17), and prion infectivity was demonstrated in muscle, blood, and saliva of deer suffering from CWD (18, 189). Also, prion infectivity was shown to be excreted via urine of prion-infected nephritic mice, a process defined as prionuria (19). These results emphasize the need for further assessment of possible public health risks from TSE-affected extraneural organs. It is very well possible that preexisting pathophysiological conditions of the infected host additionally contributed to unexpected distribution patterns of prion infectivity. For example, the presence of prion infectivity in the blood of sheep or deer may influence the deposition of prion infectivity in various organs previously deemed prion free. Therefore, it should be carefully reconsidered whether only organs of the CNS and the lymphoreticular system should be included in the current risk classifications of biologicals in the future. It will be important to test altered prion tropism profiles in nonlymphoid organs and body fluids (e.g., blood, urine, milk, saliva) of ruminants (e.g., sheep, goat, cattle, elk, and deer) and human patients suffering from sCJD and vCJD.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Recent in vivo evidence indicated that a similar phenomenon of conformational variants may occur in Alzheimer's disease (151). Here the existence of Aâ strains that can seed and accelerate aggregation and Aâ pathology was posited. These intriguing observations support the hypothesis that the pathogenetic mechanisms operating in Alzheimer's disease and in prion diseases have more in common than we often appreciate (152). Perhaps future studies will address whether different Aâ strains with distinct biochemical or neuropathological characteristics occur in humans. Can multiple prion strains coexist and effect prion replication? Two subtypes of sporadic CJD have recently been demonstrated to coexist in humans (62). Experimental studies have shown that when two strains infect the same host, one strain can impede the ability of the second strain to cause disease (153). Bartz and colleagues (154) recently suggested that this might be caused by the suppression of prion replication of the second strain. Strain features are useful for tracing prion infections between species. When transmitted to primates, BSE causes lesions strikingly similar to that of vCJD (155, 156). BSE is most likely transmissible to humans too, and strong circumstantial evidence (157-159) suggests that BSE is the cause of vCJD, which has claimed more than 200 lives in the United Kingdom (3, 160), as well as a much smaller number in some other countries (161).<br /><br />NATURAL TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES: WHAT IS NEW? Cattle Prions More than a few surprises have come from further investigations of prion strains in field cases of TSEs. Until recently, BSE was believed to be associated with one single prion strain, classified by an exclusive and remarkably stable biochemical profile of PrPSc. However, distinct molecular signatures have recently been discovered through the large-scale screening of cattle mandated by European authorities in the context of BSE surveillance. These atypical profiles fall into either of two groups: H-type cases of protease-resistant fragments with a molecular weight higher than BSE, and bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy, or L type (lower) (162). To test whether these different biochemical and histopathological properties correspond to distinct strains, the Laude laboratory transmitted H-type-PrPSc isolates from French cattle into transgenic mice expressing bovine or ovine PrP (163). The recipient mice developed neurological signs exhibiting strain-specific features clearly distinct from that of the classical BSE agent, providing pivotal evidence that the underlying strains are distinct.<br /><br />Atypical Sheep Scrapie In 1998, aberrant cases of sheep scrapie were described in Norway and the strain was newly classified as Nor98 (164). Active European Union surveillance later revealed additional cases of atypical scrapie in several other countries (165, 166). Sheep infected with Nor98, or atypical scrapie, accumulated PrPSc primarily in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex rather than in the brainstem target in the classical strain (167). Additionally, on western blot analysis of atypical scrapie cases, an additional small-molecular-weight (10-12 kDa) PrP fragment appeared afterPKdigestion and was shown by epitope mapping to lack both N and C termini of PrP (167, 168). Furthermore, atypical scrapie cases occurred not only in the classical scrapie-susceptible genotypes (A136 R154 Q171), but also in genotypes associated with high resistance to classical scrapie (A136 R154 R171) (165, 166). Were these atypical scrapie cases also infectious? In 2001, atypical scrapie cases were shown to be transmissible prion diseases after inoculated ovine PrP-expressing transgenic mice developed disease and prion aggregates (169). In the meantime, several countries appear to be reporting extremely high incidences of atypical scrapie, and in fact atypical scrapie appears to be the rule rather than the exception in some geographical areas.<br /><br />Chronic Wasting Disease Among all animal prion diseases, CWD of cervids is likely the most efficiently transmitted. CWD infections occur in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) (170), and moose (Alces alces shirasi) (171). Prevalence can reach as high as 30% in dense, free-ranging deer populations and nearly 100% in captive animals (171). Hypotheses for CWD transmission range from spread via direct contact to exposure through grazing in areas contaminated by prion-infected secretions, excretions (saliva, urine, feces), tissues (placenta), or decomposed carcasses. Insightful experimental studies have recently revealed two key findings: (a) Saliva from CWD-infected deer can transmit disease (18), and (b) CWD-infected carcasses allowed to decay naturally in confined pastures can lead to CWD infections in captive deer (172). Additionally, the abundant CWD-prion accumulation within lymphoid tissues may also lead to CWD prion buildup in nonlymphoid organs with lymphoid follicles, as was recently shown in kidney, potentially shifting shedding routes (173). It is unknown whether other types of inflammation, such as the granulomatous inflammation in the intestine seen in Johne's disease (Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; affects ruminants, including deer and elk) or parasitic inflammation, could lead to or perhaps increase prion excretion by fecal routes. The environmental prion contamination in CWD underscores the difficulties of CWD disease management.Within North America,CWDinfected deer and elk have been detected in 14 states and two Canadian provinces (170, 174, 175). CWD surveillance in Europe has been more limited. However, in Germany, a total of 7300 captive and free-ranging cervids were tested forCWDwith no sign of infection (176). Reindeer or caribou (Rangifer tarandus), from North America or Northern Europe respectively, have a highly homologous prion sequence compared with mule deer and thus are likely susceptible to CWD. Other European cervids such as moose and red deer (C. elaphus) are also expected to be CWD susceptible. The deer and elk primary protein structures are highly conserved, as seen in other mammals. Interestingly, a polymorphism at codon 225S/F may influence CWD susceptibility in mule deer. When comparing the frequency of genotypes among CWDnegative and -positive deer (n = 1482), the odds that a CWD-infected animal was 225SS was 30 times greater when compared with 225SF, whereas the frequency of 225SF/FF genotypes in CWD-negative deer was 9.3%, but only 0.3% in CWD-positive deer (177).<br /><br />Additionally, elk have a polymorphism at codon 132 (M/L) of Prnp, corresponding to polymorphic codon 129 (M/V) in humans. Elk expressing 132ML and 132LL Prnp were reported to be overrepresented among elk with CWD when compared with uninfected controls (178), and 132LL elk experimentally infected with CWD have resisted infection for at least four years, whereas 132MM or 132ML elk (n = 2 each) developed terminal clinical prion disease by 23 or 40 months post inoculation, respectively, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting for PrPSc (179). White-tailed deer also have Prnp polymorphisms that may affect their CWD susceptibility. A reduced susceptibility to CWD was linked to a G96S and a Q95H polymorphism in a study comparing allelic frequencies from CWD-positive and CWDnegative free-rangingWisconsin white-tailed deer (180).<br /><br />snip...end<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.154326">http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.154326</a><br /><br /><br /><br />USA PRION UNIT BLOG<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, April 20, 2008<br /><br />Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center April 3, 2008<br /><br />Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.<br /><br />see full text ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2008/04/progress-report-from-national-prion.html">http://prionunitusaupdate2008.blogspot.com/2008/04/progress-report-from-national-prion.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD TEXAS (cjd clusters)<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/">http://cjdtexas.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />USA WRITTEN CJD QUESTIONNAIRE ???<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/">http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />The statistical incidence of CJD cases in the United States has been revised to reflect that there is one case per 9000 in adults age 55 and older. Eighty-five percent of the cases are sporadic, meaning there is no known cause at present.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html">http://www.cjdfoundation.org/fact.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />"the biochemical signature of PrPres in the BASE-inoculated animal was found to have a higher proteinase K sensitivity of the octa-repeat region. We found the same biochemical signature in three of four human patients with sporadic CJD and an MM type 2 PrP genotype who lived in the same country as the infected bovine." <<< <a href="mhtml:%7B33B38F65-8D2E-434D-8F9B-8BDCD77D3066%7Dmid://00000071/!x-usc:http://www.vetres.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/vetres/pdf/2008/04/v07232.pdf">http://www.vetres.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/vetres/pdf/2008/04/v07232.pdf'>http://www.vetres.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/vetres/pdf/2008/04/v07232.pdf">http://www.vetres.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/vetres/pdf/2008/04/v07232.pdf</a><br /><br />please see full text ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/06/review-on-epidemiology-and-dynamics-of.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/06/review-on-epidemiology-and-dynamics-of.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />***Atypical forms of BSE have emerged which, although rare, appear to be more virulent than the classical BSE that causes vCJD.***<br /><br />Progress Report from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center<br /><br />An Update from Stephen M. Sergay, MB, BCh & Pierluigi Gambetti, MD<br /><br />April 3, 2008<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=4397&page=72.45.45">http://www.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=4397&page=72.45.45</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, March 16, 2008<br /><br />MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or Italian L-BASE<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />HUMAN and ANIMAL TSE Classifications i.e. mad cow disease and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory JUNE 2008<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Tissue infectivity and strain typing of the many variants Manuscript of the human and animal TSEs are paramount in all variants of all TSE. There must be a proper classification that will differentiate between all these human TSE in order to do this. With the CDI and other more sensitive testing coming about, I only hope that my proposal will some day be taken seriously. ...<br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Atypical BSE (BASE) Transmitted from Asymptomatic Aging Cattle to a Primate<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://organicconsumers.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=1951">http://organicconsumers.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=1951</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/atypical-bse-base-transmitted-from.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/atypical-bse-base-transmitted-from.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Thursday, July 10, 2008<br /><br />A New Prionopathy<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Sunday, August 10, 2008<br /><br />A New Prionopathy OR more of the same old BSe and sporadic CJD<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/new-prionopathy-or-more-of-same-old-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Wednesday, August 20, 2008<br /><br />Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease typical and atypical strains, was there a cover-up ?<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-mad.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/08/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-mad.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Friday, August 22, 2008<br /><br />Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease and Veterans and how they are treated at death<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-and-veterans.html">http://creutzfeldt-jakob-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-and-veterans.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://organicconsumers.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=1965">http://organicconsumers.org/forum/index.php?showtopic=1965</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-36457917117102539322008-07-24T09:12:00.000-07:002008-07-24T09:17:36.390-07:00Prion diseases are efficiently transmitted by blood transfusion in sheepSubmitted April 18, 2008 Accepted June 28, 2008<br /><br />Prion diseases are efficiently transmitted by blood transfusion in sheep<br /><br />Fiona Houston*, Sandra McCutcheon, Wilfred Goldmann, Angela Chong, James Foster, Silvia Siso, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Martin Jeffrey, and Nora Hunter Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom Neuropathogenesis Division, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Lasswade Laboratory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom<br /><br />* Corresponding author; email: f.houston@vet.gla.ac.uk.<br /><br />The emergence of variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (vCJD), following on from the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic, led to concerns about the potential risk of iatrogenic transmission of disease by blood transfusion and the introduction of costly control measures to protect blood supplies. We previously reported preliminary data demonstrating the transmission of BSE and natural scrapie by blood transfusion in sheep. The final results of this experiment, reported here, give unexpectedly high transmission rates by transfusion of 36% for BSE and 43% for scrapie. A proportion of BSE-infected tranfusion recipients (3/8) survived for up to 7 years without showing clinical signs of disease. The majority of transmissions resulted from blood collected from donors at >50% of the estimated incubation period. The high transmission rates and relatively short and consistent incubation periods in clinically positive recipients suggest that infectivity titres in blood were substantial and/or that blood transfusion is an efficient method of transmission. This experiment has established the value of using sheep as a model for studying transmission of vCJD by blood products in humans.<br /><br /><a href="http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/abstract/blood-2008-04-152520v1">http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/abstract/blood-2008-04-152520v1</a><br /><br /><br />Greetings again Dr. Freas et al at FDA,<br /><br />THIS was like closing the barn door after the mad cows got loose. not only the red cross, but the FDA has failed the public in protecting them from the TSE aka mad cow agent. TSE agent i.e. bse, base, cwd, scrapie, tme, and any sub strains thereof. we do not know if these strains will or have transmitted to humans as subclinical TSE or clinical disease, and we do not know if they have or will transmit second, third, forth passage via friendly fire i.e. multiple potential routes via medical, surgical, pharmaceutical etc.<br /><br />Saturday, December 08, 2007<br /><br />Transfusion Transmission of Human Prion Diseases<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2006/12/vcjd-case-study-highlights-blood.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2006/12/vcjd-case-study-highlights-blood.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />PRODUCT<br />Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1660-08<br />CODE<br />Unit: 5336249<br />RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER<br />Florida’s Blood Centers, Inc., Orlando, FL, by electronic mail and facsimile on June 4, 2007. Firm initiated recall is complete.<br />REASON<br />Blood product, collected from a donor considered to be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), was distributed.<br />VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE<br />1 unit<br />DISTRIBUTION<br />Austria and FL<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR JULY 23, 2008<br /><br />###<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2008/ENF01065.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2008/ENF01065.html</a><br /><br /><br />see many more blood recalls below ;<br /><br /><br />Tuesday, October 09, 2007 nvCJD TSE BLOOD UPDATE<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2007/10/nvcjd-tse-blood-update.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2007/10/nvcjd-tse-blood-update.html</a><br /><br /><br />Saturday, December 08, 2007 Transfusion Transmission of Human Prion Diseases<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2007/12/transfusion-transmission-of-human-prion.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2007/12/transfusion-transmission-of-human-prion.html</a><br /><br /><br />Saturday, January 20, 2007 Fourth case of transfusion-associated vCJD infection in the United Kingdom<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2007/01/fourth-case-of-transfusion-associated.html">http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2007/01/fourth-case-of-transfusion-associated.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion risk 9 Dec 2006 by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. THIS was like closing the barn door after the mad cows got loose. not only the red cross, but the FDA has failed the public in protecting them from the TSE aka mad cow agent. TSE agent ie bse, base, cwd, scrapie, tme, ... vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion risk -<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />FDA FAILED US<br /><br /><a href="http://fdafailedus.blogspot.com/">http://fdafailedus.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />SCIENCE BUSHWHACKED<br /><br /><a href="http://sciencebushwhacked.blogspot.com/">http://sciencebushwhacked.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Sunday, July 20, 2008<br />Red Cross told to fix blood collection or face charges 15 years after warnings issued, few changes made to ensure safety<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/07/red-cross-told-to-fix-blood-collection.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2008/07/red-cross-told-to-fix-blood-collection.html</a><br /><br /><br />Infectivity of bovine materials used in medicinal products and the<br />importance of inoculation route<br /><br />3.221 The risk from infectivity present in medicinal products was considered by the<br />Southwood Working Party. They noted that ‘the greatest risk . . . would be from the<br />parenteral injection of material derived from bovine brain or lymphoid tissue’.538<br />(As described previously, it was generally accepted that the oral route was<br />considerably less efficient than the parenteral route.539)<br /><br />3.222 In reality, different routes exist within the parenteral category – intracerebral,<br />intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravenous, intraspinal and subcutaneous.<br />Experiments in 1978 looking at several of these routes found the efficiency between<br />them to vary. Intracerebral and intraspinal were generally the most efficient,<br />followed by intravenous, intraperitoneal and then subcutaneous.540 The fact that<br />certain medicinal products could be injected directly into the body (most commonly<br />intramuscularly) meant that in theory they would pose a greater risk than beef<br />products in food.<br /><br />3.223 Various cattle tissues were of relevance to medicinal products, including<br />insulin, heparin, surgical catgut sutures and serum. The consideration given to these<br />materials prior to March 1996 is addressed in vol. 7: Medicines and Cosmetics.<br /><br />533 SEAC 22/5<br />534 Wells, G. (1998) Preliminary Observations on the Pathogenesis of Experimental Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE):<br />An Update, Veterinary Record, 142, 103<br />535 Wells, G., Hawkins, S., Green, P., Spencer, Y., Dexter, I. and Dawson, D. (1999) Limited Detection of Sternal Bone Marrow<br />Infectivity in the Clinical Phase of Experimental Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), Veterinary Record, 144, 292–4<br />536 Scott, M.R., Will, R., Ironside, J., Nguyen, H.-O., Tremblay, P., DeArmond, S.J. and Prusiner, S.B. (1999) Compelling<br />Transgenetic Evidence for Transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Prions to Humans, Proceedings of the<br />National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 96, 15137–42<br />537 Scott, M.R., Safar, J., Telling, G., Nguyen, H.-O., Groth, D., Torchia, M., Kochler, R., Tremblay, P., Walther, D., Cohen, F.,<br />DeArmond, S. and Prusiner, S. (1997) Identification of a Prion Protein Epitope Modulating Transmission of Bovine Spongiform<br />Encephalopathy Prions to Transgenic Mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of<br />America, 94, 14279–84<br />538 IBD1 tab 2 para. 5.3.3<br />539 Kimberlin, R. and Walker, C. (1989) Pathogenesis of Scrapie in Mice after Intragastric Infection, Virus Research, 12, 213–20;<br />Diringer, H., Beekes, M. and Oberdieck, U. (1994) The Nature of the Scrapie Agent: The Virus Theory, Annals of The New<br />York Academy of Science, 724, 246–58; Prusiner, S., Cochran, S. and Alpers, S. (1985) Transmission of Scrapie in Hamsters,<br />Journal of Infectious Diseases, 152, 971–8<br />540 Kimberlin, R.H. and Walker, C.A. (1978) Pathogenesis of Mouse Scrapie: Effect of Route of Inoculation on Infectivity Titres<br />and Dose-Response Curves, Journal of Comparative Pathology, 88, 39–47<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/pdf/volume2/chapter3.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/pdf/volume2/chapter3.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />From: TSS (216-119-138-163.ipset18.wt.net) Subject: RE--CJD&CHILDREN-- could the 'v' in vCJD simply mean vaccineCJD? Date: September 10, 2000 at 8:47 am PST<br /><br />######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########<br /><br /><a href="http://www.whale.to/v/singeltary7.html">http://www.whale.to/v/singeltary7.html</a><br /><br />(Not to forget about the potential for some BSE cases to come from vaccinations containing pituitary-derived SRMs.)<br /><br />TWA LITTLE minute <a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/10001001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/10001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/13010001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/13010001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/14006001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/14006001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/06005001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/06005001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/06005001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/06005001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />NOT FOR PUBLICATION<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/11/01012001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/11/01012001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/yb/1988/11/04003001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/yb/1988/11/04003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/04/00007001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/04/00007001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/07/00007001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/07/00007001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/00004001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/00004001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/00003001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/00003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/04001001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/04001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/26007001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/26007001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30001001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/09/06011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/09/06011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />NON-LICENSED HUMAN TISSUE DEVICES WERE NOT COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />I was quite prepared to believe in unofficial pituitary hormones, also in the 1970's, whether as described by Dr. Little, or in other circumstances, for animal use. snip... The fact that there were jars of pituitaries (or extract) around on shelves is attested by the still potent 1943 pituitaries, described in Stockell Hartree et al. (J/RF/17/291) which had come from the lab. at Mill Hill. Having taken the trouble to collect them, they were not lightly thrown out...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s467bx.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s467bx.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />more on the 1968 medicine act, they forgot to follow<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30008001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30008001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Draft cover letter to product licence holders (considered by Human and Vet Medicines including deer)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22008001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22008001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />(It was noted with concern that hormone extracts could be manufactured by a veterinary surgeon for administration to animals under his care without any Medicines Act Control.)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/07010001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/07010001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />TWA LITTLE STATEMENT 331<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s331.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s331.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Subject: Louping-ill vaccine documents from November 23rd, 1946 Date: Sat, 9 Sep 2000 17:44:57 -0700 From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de<br /><br />######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########<br /><br />THE VETERINARY RECORD 516 No 47. Vol. 58 November 23rd, 1946<br /><br />NATIONAL VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND<br /><br />ANNUAL CONGRESS, 1946<br /><br />The annual Congress, 1946, was held at the Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, N.W.I. from September 22nd to September 27th.<br /><br />Opening Meeting<br /><br />[skip to scrapie vaccine issue...tss]<br /><br />Papers Presented to Congress<br /><br />The papers presented to this year's Congress had as their general theme the progressive work of the profession during the war years. Their appeal was clearly demonstrated by the large and remarkably uniform attendance in the Grand Hall of the Royal Veterinary College throughout the series; between 200 and 250 members were present and they showed a keen interest in every paper, which was reflected in the expression of some disappointment that the time available for discussion did not permit of the participation of more than a small proportion of would-be contributors.<br /><br />In this issue we publish (below) the first to be read and discussed, that by Dr. W. S. Gordon, M.R.C.V.S., F.R.S.E., "Advances in Veterinary Research." Next week's issue will contain the paper on "Some Recent Advances in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery in Large-Animal Practice" by Mr. T. Norman Gold, M.R.C.V.S. In succeeding numbers of the Record will be reproduced, also with reports of discussions, that by Mr. W. L. Weipers, M.R.C.V.S., D.V.S.M., on the same subject as relating to small-animal practice, and the papers by Mr. J. N. Ritchie, B.SC., M.R.C.V.S., D.V.S.M., and Mr. H.W. Steele-Bodger, M.R.C.V.S., on "War-time Achievements of the British Home Veterinary Services."<br /><br />The first scientific paper of Congress was read by Dr. W. S. Gordon, M.R.C.V.S., F.R.S.E. on Monday, September 23rd, 1946, when Professor J. Basil Buxton, M.A., F.R.C.V.S, D.V.H., Prinicipal of the Royal Veterinary College, presided.<br /><br />Advances in Veterinary Research<br /><br />by<br /><br />W.S. GORDON, PH.D., M.R.C.V.S., F.R.S.E.<br /><br />Agriculteral Research Council, Field Station, Compton, Berks.<br /><br />Louping-ill, Tick-borne Fever and Scrapie<br /><br />In 1930 Pool, Browniee & Wilson recorded that louping-ill was a transmissible disease. Greig et al, (1931) showed that the infective agent was a filter-passing virus with neurotropic characters and Browniee & Wilson (1932) that the essential pathology was that of an encephalomyelitis. Gordon, Browniee, Wilson & MacLeod (1932) and MacLeod & Gordon (1932) confirmed and extended this work. It was shown that on louping-ill farms the virus was present in the blood of many sheep which did not show clinical symptoms indicating involvement of the central nervous system and that for the perpetuation and spread of the disease these subclinical cases were probably of greater importance that the frank clinical cases because, in Nature, the disease was spread by the tick, lxodes ricinus L. More recently Wilson (1945, 1946) has described the cultivation of the virus in a chick embryo medium, the pathogenic properties of this culture virus and the preparation of louping-ill antiserum.<br /><br />Between 1931 and 1934 I carried out experiments which resulted in the development of an effective vaccine for the prevention of louping-ill.* This vaccine has been in general use since 1935 and in his annual report to the Animal Diseases Research Association this year, Dr. Greig stated that about 227,000 doses of vaccine had been issued from Moredun alone.<br /><br />Dr. Gordon illustrated this portion of his paper by means of graphs and diagrams projected by the epidiascope.<br /><br />This investigation, however, did not begin and end with the study of louping-ill; it had, by good fortune, a more romantic turn and less fortunately a final dramtic twist which led almost to catastrope. After it had been established that a solid immunity to louping-ill could be induced in sheep, a group of immunized and a group of susceptible animals were placed together on the tick-infected pasture of a louping-ill farm. Each day all the animals were gathered and their temperatures were recorded. It was anticipated that febrile reactions with some fatalities would develop in the controls while the louping-ill immunes would remain normal. Contrary to expectation, however, every sheep, both immune and control, developed a febrile reaction. This unexpected result made neccessary further investigation which showed that the febrile reaction in the louping-ill immunes was due to a hitherto undescribed infective agent, a Rickettsia-like organism which could be observed in the cytoplasm of the grannular leucocytes, especially the neutrophil polymorphs (MacLeod (1932), Gordon, Browniee, Wilson & MacLeod. MacLeod & Gordon (1933). MacLeod (1936). MacLeod collected ticks over many widely separated parts of Scotland and all were found to harbour the infective agent of tick-borne fever, and it is probable that all sheep on tick-infested farms develop this disease, at least on the first occasion that they become infested with ticks. When the infection is passed in series through susceptible adult sheep it causes a sever, febrile reaction, dullness and loss of bodily condition but it rarely, if ever, proves fatal. It is clear, however, that it aggravates the harmful effects of a louping-ill infection and it is a serious additional complication to such infections as pyaemia and the anacrobic infections which beset lambs on the hill farms of Northern Britain.<br /><br />Studying the epidemiology of louping-ill on hill farms it became obvious that the pyaemic condition of lambs described by M'Fadyean (1894) was very prevalent on tick infested farms Pyaemia is a crippling condition of lambs associated with tick-bite and is often confused with louping-ill. It is caused by infection with Staphylococcus aureus and affected animals may show abscess formation on the skin, in the joints, viscera, meninges and elsewhere in the body. It was thought that tick-borne fever might have ben a predisposing factor in this disease and unsuccessful attempts were made by Taylor, Holman & Gordon (1941) to reproduce the condition by infecting lambs subcutaneously with the staphylococcus and concurrently produceing infections with tickborne fever and louping-ill in the same lambs. Work on pyaemia was then continued by McDiarmid (1946a, 1946b, 1946c), who succeeded in reproducing a pyaemic disease in mice, guinea-pigs and lambs similar to the naturally occuring condition by intravenous inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus. He also found a bacteraemic form of the disease in which no gross pyaemic lesions were observed. The prevention or treatment of this condition presents a formidable problem. It is unlikely that staphylococcal ???oid will provide an effective immunity and even if penicillin proved to be a successful treatment, the difficulty of applying it in adequate and sustained dosage to young lambs on hill farms would be almost insurmountable.<br /><br />From 1931 to 1934 field trials to test the immunizing value and harmlessness of the loup-ill vaccine were carried out on a gradually increasing scale. Many thousands of sheep were vaccinated and similar numbers, living under identical conditions were left as controls. The end result showed that an average mortability of about 9 percent in the controls was reduced to less than 1 percent in the vaccinated animals. While the efficiency of the vaccine was obvious after the second year of work, previous bitter experience had shown the wisdom of withholding a biological product from widespread use until it had been successfully produced in bulk, as opposed to small-scale experimental production and until it had been thoroughly tested for immunizing efficiency and freedom from harmful effects. It was thought that after four years testing this stage had been reached in 1935, and in the spring of that year the vaccine was issued for general use. It comprised a 10 percent saline suspension of brain, spinal cord and spleen tissues taken from sheep five days after infection with louping-ill virus by intracerebral inoculation. To this suspension 0-35 percent of formalin was added to inactivate the virus and its safety for use as a vaccine was checked by intracerbral inoculation of mice and sheep and by the inoculation of culture medium. Its protective power was proved by vaccination sheep and later subjecting them, along with controls, to a test dose of living virus.<br /><br />Vaccine for issue had to be free from detectable, living virus and capable of protecting sheep against a test dose of virus applied subcutaneously. The 1935 vaccine conformed to these standards and was issued for inoculation in March as three separate batches labelled 1, 2, and 3. The tissues of 140 sheep were employed to make batch 1 of which 22,270 doses were used; 114 to make batch 2 of which 18,000 doses were used and 44 to make batch 3 of which 4,360 doses were used. All the sheep tissues incorporated in the vaccine were obtained from yearling sheep. During 1935 and 1936 the vaccine proved highly efficient in the prevention of loup-ill and no user observed an ill-effect in the inoculated animals. In September, 1937, two and a half years after vaccinating the sheep, two owners complained that scrapie, a disease which had not before been observed in the Blackface breed, was appearing in their stock of Blackface sheep and further that it was confined to animals vaccinated with louping-ill vaccine in 1935. At that stage it was difficult to conceive that the occurrence could be associated with the injection of the vaccine but in view of the implications, I visited most of the farms on which sheep had been vaccinated in 1935. It was at this point that the investigation reached its dramatic phase; I shall not forget the profound effect on my emotions when I visited these farms and was warmly welcomed because of the great benefits resulting from the application of louping-ill vaccine, wheras the chief purpose of my visit was to determine if scrapie was appearing in the inoculated sheep. The enquiry made the position clear. Scrapie was developing in the sheep vaccinated in 1935 and it was only in a few instances that the owner was associating the occurrence with louping-ill vaccination. The disease was affecting all breeds and it was confined to the animals vaccinated with batch 2. This was clearly demonstrated on a number of farms on which batch 1 had been used to inoculate the hoggs in 1935 and batch 2 to inoculate the ewes. None of the hoggs, which at this time were three- year-old ewes. At this time it was difficult to forecast whether all of the 18,000 sheep which had received batch 2 vaccine would develop scrapie. It was fortunate, however, that the majority of the sheep vaccinated with batch 2 were ewes and therfore all that were four years old and upwards at the time of vaccination had already been disposed of and there only remained the ewes which had been two to three years old at the time of vaccination, consequently no accurate assessment of the incidence of scrapie could be made. On a few farms, however, where vaccination was confined to hoggs, the incidence ranged from 1 percent, to 35 percent, with an average of about 5 percent. Since batch 2 vaccine had been incriminated as a probable source of scrapie infection, an attempt was made to trace the origin of the 112 sheep whose tissues had been included in the vaccine. It was found that they had been supplied by three owners and that all were of the Blackface or Greyface breed with the exception of eight which were Cheviot lambs born in 1935 from ewes which had been in contact with scrapie infection. Some of these contact ewes developed scrapie in 1936-37 and three surviving fellow lambs to the eight included in the batch 2 vaccine of 1935 developed scrapie, one in September, 1936, one in February, 1937, and one in November, 1937. There was, therefore, strong presumptive evidence that the eight Cheviot lambs included in the vaccine althought apparently healthy were, in fact, in the incubative stage of a scrapie infection and that in their tissues there was an infective agent which had contaminated the batch 2 vaccine, rendering it liable to set up scrapie. If that assumption was correct then the evidence indicated that:-<br /><br />(1) the infective agent of scrapie was present in the brain, spinal cord and or spleen of infected sheep: (2) it could withstand a concentration of formalin of 0-35 percent, which inactivated the virus of louping-ill: (3) it could be transmitted by subcutaneous inoculation; (4) it had an incubative period of two years and longer.<br /><br />Two Frenchmen, Cuille & Chelle (1939) as the result of experiments commenced in 1932, reported the successful infection of sheep by inoculation of emulsions of spinal cord or brain material by the intracerebral, epidural, intraocular and subcutaneous routes The incubation period varied according to the route employed, being one year intracerebrally, 15 months intraocularly and 20 months subcutaneously. They failed to infect rabbits but succeeded in infecting goats. Another important part of their work showed that the infective agent could pass throught a chamberland 1.3 filter, thus demonstrating that the infective agent was a filtrable virus. It was a curious coincidence that while they were doing their transmission experiments their work was being confirmed by the unforeseeable infectivity of a formalinized tissue vaccine.<br /><br />As a result of this experience a large-scale transmision experiment involving the ue of 788 sheep was commenced in 1938 on a farm specially taken for the purpose by the Animal Diseases Research Association with funds provided by the Agricultural Research Council. The experiment was designed to determine the nature of the infective agent and the pathogenesis of the disease. It is only possible here to give a summary of the result which showed that (1) saline suspensions of brain and spinal cord tissue of sheep affected with scrapie were infective to normal sheep when inoculatted intracerebrally or subcutaneously; (2) the incubation period after intracerebral inoculation was seven months and upwards and only 60 percent of the inoculated sheep developed scrapie during a period of four and a half years; (3) the incubation period after subcutaneous inoculation was 15 months and upwards and only about 30 percent of the inoculated sheep developed the disease during the four and a half years: (4) the infective agent was of small size and probably a filtrable virus.<br /><br />The prolonged incubative period of the disease and the remarkable resistance of the causal agent to formalin are features of distinct interest. It still remains to determine if a biological test can be devised to detect infected animals so that they can be killed for food before they develop clinical symptoms and to explore the possibilities of producing an immunity to the disease. ==================================================================<br /><br />Greetings List Members,<br /><br />pretty disturbing document. now, what would stop this from happening with the vaccineCJD in children???<br /><br />kind regards, Terry S. Singeltary Sr., Bacliff, Texas USA<br /><br /><br /><br />10 people killed by new CJD-like disease<br /><br />Public release date: 9-Jul-2008<br /><br />Since Gambetti's team wrote a paper describing an initial 11 cases referred to his centre between 2002 and 2006 (Annals of Neurology, vol 63, p 697), another five have come to light. "So it is possible that it could be just the tip of the iceberg," Gambetti says.<br /><br />snip...end<br /><br /><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-07/ns-tpk070908.php">http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-07/ns-tpk070908.php</a><br /><br /><br />sporadic CJD, the big lie<br /><br />Thursday, July 10, 2008 A Novel Human Disease with Abnormal Prion Protein Sensitive to Protease update July 10, 2008<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/novel-human-disease-with-abnormal-prion.html</a><br /><br /><br />Thursday, July 10, 2008 A New Prionopathy update July 10, 2008<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/07/new-prionopathy-update-july-10-2008.html</a><br /><br /><br />MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or Italian L-BASE<br /><br /><a href="http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html">http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/03/mad-cow-disease-terminology-uk-c-bse.html</a><br /><br /><br />Saturday, June 21, 2008 HUMAN and ANIMAL TSE Classifications i.e. mad cow disease and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory JUNE 2008<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.html">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/2008/06/human-and-animal-tse-classifications-ie.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Tuesday, June 3, 2008 SCRAPIE USA UPDATE JUNE 2008 NOR-98 REPORTED PA<br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/06/scrapie-usa-update-june-2008-nor-98.html">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/06/scrapie-usa-update-june-2008-nor-98.html</a><br /><br /><br />NOR-98 ATYPICAL SCRAPIE 5 cases documented in USA in 5 different states USA 2007<br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/04/seac-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory.html">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/04/seac-spongiform-encephalopathy-advisory.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />SCRAPIE USA<br /><br /><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Friday, July 18, 2008<br /><br />TSE risk assessment from carcasses of ovine and caprine animals below 6 months of age from<br /><br />TSE infected flocks intended for human consumption<br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/07/tse-risk-assessment-from-carcasses-of.html">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/2008/07/tse-risk-assessment-from-carcasses-of.html</a><br /><br /><br /><br />PEACE<br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-33405141515250270082008-07-20T13:55:00.000-07:002008-07-20T13:57:09.812-07:00Red Cross told to fix blood collection or face charges 15 years after warnings issued, few changes made to ensure safetyJuly 19, 2008, 5:44PM<br /><br />Red Cross told to fix blood collection or face charges 15 years after warnings issued, few changes made to ensure safety<br /><br />By STEPHANIE STROM New York Times<br /><br />For 15 years, the American Red Cross has been under a federal court order to improve the way it collects and processes blood. Yet, despite $21 million in fines since 2003 and repeated promises to follow procedures intended to ensure the safety of America's blood supply, it continues to fall short.<br /><br />The situation has proved so frustrating that in January the commissioner of food and drugs attended a Red Cross board meeting — a first for a commissioner — and warned members that they could face criminal charges for their continued failure to bring about compliance, according to three Red Cross officials who attended the meeting. They requested anonymity because Red Cross policy prohibits public discussion of its meetings with regulators.<br /><br />"If fear is a motivator, we're happy to help out in that way," said Eric M. Blumberg, deputy general counsel at the Food and Drug Administration, though he declined to confirm what the commissioner, Andrew C. von Eschenbach, said at the meeting.<br /><br />Some critics, including former Red Cross executives, have even suggested breaking off the blood services operations from the rest of the organization, as the Canadian Red Cross did a decade ago.<br /><br />Recipients at risk<br /><br />The problems, described in more than a dozen publicly available FDA reports — some of which cite hundreds of lapses — include shortcomings in screening donors for possible exposure to diseases; failures to spend enough time swabbing arms before inserting needles; failures to test for syphilis; and failures to discard deficient blood.<br /><br />In some cases, the lapses have put the recipients of blood at risk for diseases like hepatitis, malaria and syphilis.<br /><br />But according to the FDA, the Red Cross has repeatedly failed to investigate the results of its mistakes, meaning there is no reliable record of whether recipients were harmed by the blood it collected.<br /><br />While many Americans see the Red Cross as the ubiquitous organization that responds to disasters big and small, its disaster-relief operation, which spends $400 million to $500 million annually, is small compared with its blood business, which generated $2.1 billion in revenue in the fiscal year that ended in June 2007.<br /><br />The Red Cross, which controls 43 percent of the nation's blood supply, agrees that it has had quality-control problems and is working to fix them.<br /><br />Both its officials and the drug agency point out that none of the identified problems involve the most serious category of infractions. For instance, the Red Cross now does a good job of testing for HIV and hepatitis B, officials on all sides agree. And in general, Red Cross blood is regarded as some of the safest in the world.<br /><br />5 million transfusions<br /><br />Still, the FDA says, the problems that remain in screening donors and following protocols for collection add unnecessary risk to blood transfusions, almost 5 million of which were done in 2007, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.<br /><br />"This is a critical piece of the public health infrastructure," said Mary A. Malarkey, director of the Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality at the FDA. "I know it's difficult to get so many people trained and properly supervised, but it has to be done."<br /><br />In the last week, the FDA sent the Red Cross the results of yet another recent investigation that makes Malarkey's point: From December 2006 to April 2008, the Red Cross distributed more than 200 blood products that it had already identified as problematic, according to the investigation report.<br /><br />Modest improvements<br /><br />After years of quiet complaints about the Red Cross' blood business, the FDA reluctantly decided to go public with its concerns in 1993, obtaining a consent decree that required the Red Cross to strengthen quality control and training and improve its ability to identify, investigate and record problems.<br /><br />"It was one of the hardest things I did as commissioner," said Dr. David A. Kessler, the FDA commissioner from 1990 to 1997. He said he agonized the move would cause undue alarm.<br /><br />Fifteen years later, that consent decree, toughened in 2003 to allow the FDA to impose fines for failing to properly identify, handle and report quality control problems, has produced only modest improvements, food and drug officials said.<br /><br />"Leaving aside who's at fault here, it's not working," said Kessler, now a professor of pediatric medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. "Whether it's that the American Red Cross just doesn't get it, whether it's that the relationship between the regulator and regulated is beyond the point of repair is immaterial."<br /><br />Kessler said Congress should intervene at this point.<br /><br />Dr. Bernadine Healy, the former chief executive of the Red Cross who made repairing the organization's blood operations a paramount goal, said the best solution might be to spin off blood services.<br /><br />"Two-thirds of the revenue base of the Red Cross is blood, yet the Red Cross is run by people who think of it as primarily a disaster-relief organization, relegating blood to stepchild status," Healy said.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/nation/5896335.html#Intro">http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/nation/5896335.html#Intro</a><br /><br /><br />seems vCJDonly recalls were omitted in this article ???<br /><br />SNIP...<br /><br />Greetings again Dr. Freas et al at FDA,<br /><br />THIS was like closing the barn door after the mad cows got loose. not only the red cross, but the FDA has failed the public in protecting them from the TSE aka mad cow agent. TSE agent i.e. bse, base, cwd, scrapie, tme, and any sub strains thereof. we do not know if these strains will or have transmitted to humans as subclinical TSE or clinical disease, and we do not know if they have or will transmit second, third, forth passage via friendly fire i.e. multiple potential routes via medical, surgical, pharmaceutical etc.<br /><br />Saturday, December 08, 2007 Transfusion Transmission of Human Prion Diseases <a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2006/12/vcjd-case-study-highlights-blood.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2006/12/vcjd-case-study-highlights-blood.html</a><br /><br /><br />Tuesday, October 09, 2007 nvCJD TSE BLOOD UPDATE<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2007/10/nvcjd-tse-blood-update.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2007/10/nvcjd-tse-blood-update.html</a><br /><br /><br />Saturday, December 08, 2007 Transfusion Transmission of Human Prion Diseases<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2007/12/transfusion-transmission-of-human-prion.html">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/2007/12/transfusion-transmission-of-human-prion.html</a><br /><br /><br />Saturday, January 20, 2007 Fourth case of transfusion-associated vCJD infection in the United Kingdom<br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2007/01/fourth-case-of-transfusion-associated.html">http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/2007/01/fourth-case-of-transfusion-associated.html</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion risk 9 Dec 2006 by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. THIS was like closing the barn door after the mad cows got loose. not only the red cross, but the FDA has failed the public in protecting them from the TSE aka mad cow agent. TSE agent ie bse, base, cwd, scrapie, tme, ... vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion risk - <a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />FDA FAILED US<br /><br /><a href="http://fdafailedus.blogspot.com/">http://fdafailedus.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />SCIENCE BUSHWHACKED<br /><br /><a href="http://sciencebushwhacked.blogspot.com/">http://sciencebushwhacked.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-6186714152263567512007-12-08T15:01:00.000-08:002007-12-08T17:38:16.904-08:00Transfusion Transmission of Human Prion DiseasesVolume 22, Issue 1, Pages A1-A8, 1-96 (January 2008)<br /><br />Transfusion Transmission of Human Prion Diseases<br /><br /><br />Shimian Zou, Chyang T. Fang, and Lawrence B. Schonberger<br /><br /><br />No transmission through transfusion has been reportedfor classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Moreover, a series of epidemiological surveillance, case-control, and look-back studies have provided no evidence of sucht ransmission of CJD. Hence, the risk of such transfusion transmission of classic CJD remains theoretical. In contrast, based on data from the United Kingdom, the likelihood of transmission of the agent of the variant formof CJD (vCJD) through blood transfusion by donors who develop the disease within several years of donation is about 14% for recipients who survive longer than 5 years post transfusion. Leukodepletion may reduce the likelihoodof vCJD transmissions, although this procedure by itself removes less than half of the prion infectivity of blood. The potentially longer incubation periods of vCJD with infections in donors who are not methionine/methionine homozygous at codon 129 of the prion proteingene, the unknown number of such donors, and the unknown infectivity of their blood during the incubation period suggests caution in assuming that only known cases of vCJD represent a risk for the transfusion transmission of vCJD. Results from ongoing look-back investigations and other studies will enable continued monitoring and more precise estimations of the risks ofthe transfusion transmission of CJD and vCJD. <br /><br />Published by Elsevier Inc.<br /><br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><br />Consistent with the results of the case-controlstudies, the mortality rates of CJD in the United States have remained relatively stable despite a major increase in the number of blood transfusions. Age-adjusted mortality rates for CJD inthe United States—beginning in 1979, when a separate code for CJD was established—have been roughly 1 case per million persons per year.9<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />The potentially long incubation periods for prion diseases; the possible future occurrence of vCJD among persons with a Val at codon 129 of PRNP; and the lack of any practical, FDA approved, sensitive screening methods for detecting the prion agents in human blood contribute to uncertainties and aggravate concerns about the transfusion transmission risks for classic CJD andvCJD. These uncertainties will hopefully be lessened as new sensitive assays for screening blood are developed and as data from longer-term follow-up studies of transfusion recipients, as well as other studies, provide more precise estimates of the transfusion transmission risks. For the United States, similar to many other countries, the present data are sufficient to underscore the prudence of increasing efforts to minimize and monitor potential exposures of people to BSE-infected cattle products to ensure the safety of the national blood supply.<br /><br /><br />Until recently, in the United States, the BSE monitoring and control efforts have not been justified or assessed based on preserving blood safety but rather on maintaining the safety of food and protecting trade. ...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B75B5-4R94X2C-7-1&_cdi=12973&_user=10&_orig=browse&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2008&_sk=999779998&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzS&md5=6e0852421bd3e02af92fd1d9da0d14bb&ie=/sdarticle.pdf">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B75B5-4R94X2C-7-1&_cdi=12973&_user=10&_orig=browse&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2008&_sk=999779998&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzS&md5=6e0852421bd3e02af92fd1d9da0d14bb&ie=/sdarticle.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />ProMED-mail <<a href="mailto:promed@promedmail.org">promed@promedmail.org</a>><br /><br />*****<br />[2] USA: National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance CenterDate: June 2007Source: National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (USA) [edited]<<a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf</a>><br /><br />CJD Cases examined----------------------<br />Year / Referrals / Prion disease / Sporadic / Familial / Iatrogenic / vCJD1996 / 42 / 32 / 26 / 4 / 0 / 01997 / 115 / 68 / 57 / 9 / 0 / 01998 / 93 / 53 / 45 / 7 / 1 / 01999 / 114 / 69 / 61 / 8 / 0 / 02000 / 151 / 103 / 89 / 14 / 0 / 02001 / 208 / 116 / 106 / 9 / 0 / 02002 / 255 / 143 / 118 / 23 / 2 / 02003 / 272 / 174 / 132 / 41 / 0 / 02004 / 334 / 183 / 157 / 21 / 0 / 1*2005 / 352 / 195 / 152 / 37 / 1 / 02006 / 372 / 186 / 143 / 30 / 0 / 1**2007 / 120 / 68 / 35 / 7 / 0 / 0TOTAL / 2428*** / 1390**** / 1121 / 210 / 4 /<br /><br /><br />2*Acquired in UK** Acquired in Saudi Arabia*** Includes 17 inconclusive and 9 pending (1 from 2006, 8 from 2007.**** Includes 17 non-vCJD type unknown (2 from 1996, 2 from 1997, 1from 2001, 1 from 2003, 4 from 2004, 3 from 2005, 4 from 2006) and 36type pending (2 from 2005, 8 from 2006, 26 from 2007).<br /><br />Notes:-- Cases are listed based on the year of death when available. If the year of death is not available, the year of sample receipt is used.--<br /><br />Referrals: Cases with possible or probable prion disease from which brain tissue or blood in the case of familial disease were submitted.--<br /><br />Inconclusive: Cases in which the samples were not sufficient to make a diagnosis.--<br /><br />Non-vCJD type unknown are cases in which the tissue submitted was adequate to establish the presence but not the type; in all cases, vCJD could be excluded<br /><br />.--Communicated by:<br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr. <<a href="mailto:flounder9@verizon.net">flounder9@verizon.net</a>><br /><br />[In submitting these data, Terry S. Singeltary Sr. draws attention tothe steady increase in the "type unknown" category, which, according to their definition, comprises cases in which vCJD could be excluded.The total of 26 cases for the current year (2007) is disturbing, possibly symptomatic of the circulation of novel agents. Characterization of these agents should be given a high priority. - Mod.CP]<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://pro-med.blogspot.com/2007/11/proahedr-prion-disease-update-2007-07.html">http://pro-med.blogspot.com/2007/11/proahedr-prion-disease-update-2007-07.html</a><br /><br /><br />P04.36<br /><br /><br />Enhanced Surveillance of Persons Identified as at Increased Risk of CJD Due to Blood Transfusion or Healthcare Procedures<br /><br /><br />Brookes, D1; Chow, Y1; Ward, HJT2; Will, RG2; Hewitt, P3; Gill, ON1 1HPA,CJD, UK; 2National CJD Surveillance Unit, UK; 3Colindale, NHS Blood andTissue, UK<br /><br />Introduction:<br /><br />Reports of four iatrogenic transmissions of variant-CJD (vCJD) infection inthe UK (all due to transfusion of blood from donors who later developed vCJD), evidence from iatrogenic transmissions of sporadic CJD and experimental work on CJD infectivity in tissues and on health care instruments have given rise to concern about the risks of iatrogenic transmission of CJD. This risk warrants a) certain public health precautions, and b) follow-up of individuals with identified risks in order to gain evidence about their risks and ensure appropriate management of these risks. Evidence of transmission via iatrogenic routes is important to inform public health measures and so prevent ongoing transmission of CJD.<br /><br />Methods:<br /><br />The Health Protection Agency and Health Protection Scotland holds details of persons identified as ‘at-risk’ of vCJD due to blood transfusion and of persons identified as ‘at-risk’ of CJD (of any type) from other healthcare procedures. The GPs/clinicians of all persons identified as ‘at-risk’ forpublic health purposes are provided with: information; risk assessment updates; advice on public health precautions and advice on referral to specialist care. Procedures are being established to obtain enhanced surveillance data on these individuals, including: clinical status updates,date and cause of death, surplus tissue and blood specimens, and postmortem investigations.<br /><br />Results:<br /><br />Persons ‘at-risk’ of CJD have experienced a range of exposures. Estimated risks are uncertain and overlapping. Some individuals - recipients of vCJD implicated blood components - are considered to be at a clearly higher risk of infection: active follow-up is currently conducted for these individuals. In time, the enhanced surveillance of persons at increased risk of CJD will provide estimates of transmission risks and of the impact of iatrogenic exposures on mortality.<br /><br />Conclusion:<br /><br />Knowledge about iatrogenic transmission of CJD is being gained by the follow-up of individuals who have been identified as ‘at-risk’ of CJD in the UK. This enhanced surveillance may need to be sustained for many years.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Prions in Plasma of Patients with Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease<br /><br /><br />Safar,J.G1,3, Geschwindm M.D2,3, Letessier, F1, Kuo, A1, Pomeroy, K1, Deering, C1,Serban, A1, Groth, D1, Miller, B.L2,3, DeArmond, S.J1,4, Prusiner, S.B1,3,51<br />Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 2Memory and Aging Center,Departments of 3Neurology, 4Pathology, and 5Biochemistry and Biophysics,University of California, San Francisco, California 94143<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Friday.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Friday.pdf</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Thursday.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Thursday.pdf</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Wednesday.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Wednesday.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />USA NVCJD BLOOD RECALLS ONLY ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=CJD+BLOOD+RECALLS+TSS&btnG=Search">http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=CJD+BLOOD+RECALLS+TSS&btnG=Search</a><br /><br /><br />vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion risk<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/">http://vcjdblood.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/">http://vcjdtransfusion.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease inthe United States<br /><br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><br />IN response to the following ;<br /><br /><br />JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY<br /><br />MARCH 26, 2003<br /><br />RE-Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseasein the United States<br /><br />Email Terry S. Singeltary:<a href="mailto:flounder@wt.net">flounder@wt.net</a><br /><br />I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs inthe USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?<br /><br /><a href="http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535">http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535</a><br /><br />I URGE you to consider my response once again. I think I have been provencorrect now.<br /><br />3 MONTHS LATER IN A BOOK INTERVIEW, VENDICATION OF SORTS<br /><br />THE PATHOLOGICAL PROTEIN<br /><br />Hardcover, 304 pages plus photos and illustrations.ISBN 0-387-95508-9<br /><br />June 2003<br /><br />BY Philip Yam<br /><br />CHAPTER 14 LAYING ODDS<br /><br />Answering critics like Terry Singeltary, who feels that the U.S. under-counts CJD, Schonberger conceded that the current surveillance system has errors but stated that most of the errors will be confined to the older population.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.thepathologicalprotein.com/">http://www.thepathologicalprotein.com/</a><br /><br />IN REALITY, sporadic CJD is 1 in 9,000 in 50 years of age and above, and that's with a inadequate or what I call passive surveillance system. see below ;<br /><br />Dr. William Shulaw, a veterinarian with The Ohio State University extension service, is involved in a nationwide program to eradicate scrapie, the form of BSE found in sheep. Shulaw said the chances of a person getting sporadic Creutzfeldt- Jakobdisease is about one in a million. But that's the total population, infants,children, adults and the elderly. Chances increase to one in 9,000 when the group is restricted to those age 50 and older.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.pjstar.com/stories/082207/REG_BE523NH6.049.php">http://www.pjstar.com/stories/082207/REG_BE523NH6.049.php</a><br /><br /><br />FURTHER into my journal of neurology article, some years later, again, sadly, I was proven correct ;<br /><br /><br />SEE STEADY INCREASE IN SPORADIC CJD IN THE USA FROM 1997 TO 2006. SPORADIC CJD CASES TRIPLED, with phenotype of 'UNKNOWN' strain growing. ...<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html</a><br /><br /><br />There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last week in San Francisco by Luigi Gambatti(?) from his CJD surveillance collection. He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively SPRPSC and practically no detected RPRPSC proteins.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />and today we indeed find ;<br /><br /><br />PLEASE NOTE IN USA CJD UPDATE AS AT JUNE 2007, please note steady increasein ''TYPE UNKNOWN'' CJD IN THE USA ;<br /><br /><br />1 Acquired in the United Kingdom; 2 Acquired in Saudi Arabia; 3 Includes 17 inconclusive and 9 pending (1 from 2006, 8 from 2007); 4 Includes 17non-vCJD type unknown (2 from 1996, 2 from 1997, 1 from 2001, 1 from 2003, 4 from 2004, 3 from 2005, 4 from 2006) and 36 type pending (2 from 2005, 8 from 2006, *** 26 from 2007)<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/pdf/case-table.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />HUMAN and ANIMAL TSE Classifications i.e. mad cow disease and the UKBSEnvCJD only theory<br /><br /><br />snip... see full text ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/">http://cjdusa.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />P04.33<br /><br /><br />Diagnostic Utility of CSF Biomarkers and General CSF Findings in a U.S Sporadic CJD Cohort<br /><br /><br />Geschwind, MD; Haman, A; Torres-Chae, C; Raudabaugh, BJ; Devereux, G;Miller, BL University of California, San Francisco, USA<br /><br /><br />Background:<br /><br /><br />The diagnostic utility of CSF biomarkers, including 14-3-3 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), AB42, total Tau (T-Tau), and phosphorylated Tau (PTau)/ T-Tau ratio are often are used for sporadic CJD (sCJD) diagnosisis controversial. We have previously reported the CSF 14-3-3 protein to have poor sensitivity for CJD diagnosis. In this study, now report the sensitivity and specificity of several CSF biomarkers and general characteristics in a U.S. cohort of sCJDand non-prion rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) controls (Non-CJD cohort)subjects.<br /><br />Design/Methods:<br /><br />Clinical diagnoses are made through review of medical records, clinical evaluation, and in many cases pathology. Data is stored in a secure clinical relational database,which was queried for various CSF findings, including cell count, protein, IgG index, oligoclonal bands (OCBs), 14-3-3, NSE, T-Tau in patients with probable or definite sporadic CJD and non-prion rapidly progressive dementias (RPD), most of whom were referred to our center with a potential diagnosis of CJD. For probable sCJD diagnosis, we used UCSF criteria that are modified from WHO to substitute MRI for 14-3-3. T-Tau and NSE were considered positive if > 1300pg/ml and > 35 ng/ml, respectively. For this analysis, ambiguous 14-3-3 results were considered as negative.<br /><br />Results:<br /><br />14-3-3 protein (n=149) sensitivity was only 48% (47% for definite; 50% for probable sCJD). NSE (n=49) sensitivity was 63% (66% for definite; 59% for probable sCJD). T-Tau (n=28) was the most sensitive at 68% (69% for definite; 67% for probable sCJD). The specificity of these biomarkers among our CJD and RPD controls(n=72) was 66% for 14-3-3 (n=47), 81% for NSE (n=21), and 100% for T-Tau(n=7). The 14-3-3 had the lowest sensitivity and specificity. Mildly elevated CSFprotein (<100>20, is uncommon in sCJD.<br /><br />Conclusions/Relevance:<br /><br />In a cohort from a major U.S. CJD referral center, the 14-3-3 is neither sensitive nor specific for sCJD. NSE and T-Tau also show poor sensitivity for sCJD. T-Tau may be more specific than 14-3-3 and NSE, but our “n” is small. WHO sCJD criteria should be revised; by eliminating 14-3-3 and including brain MRI into the criteria. We are currently analyzing the effects of disease duration and codon 129 polymorphism on these CSF biomarker results.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />USA NVCJD BLOOD RECALLS ONLY ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://list.uvm.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0610b&L=safety&P=2658">http://list.uvm.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0610b&L=safety&P=2658</a><a href="http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0610&L=sanet-mg&P=19840">http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0610&L=sanet-mg&P=19840</a><br /><br /><br />I am beginning to think that the endless attempt to trackdown and ban, potential victims from known BSE Countries from giving blood will be futile. You would have to ban everyone on the Globe eventually? AS well, I think we MUST ACT SWIFTLY to find blood test for TSE's, whether it be blood test, urine test, eyelid test, anything at whatever cost, we need a test FAST. DO NOT let the incubation time period of these TSEs fool you. To think of Scrapie as the prime agent to compare CJD, but yet overlook the Louping-ill vaccine event in 1930's of which 1000's of sheep where infected by scrapie from a vaccine made of scrapie infected sheep brains, would be foolish. I acquired this full text version of the event which was recorded in the Annual Congress of 1946 National Vet. Med. Ass. of Great Britain and Ireland. From the BVA and the URL is posted in my (long version). U.S.A. should make all human/animal TSE's notifiable at all ages,with requirements for a thorough surveillance and post-mortem examinations free of charge, if you are serious about eradicating this horrible disease in man and animal. <br /><br /><br /><a href="http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0611&L=sanet-mg&T=0&P=16159">http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0611&L=sanet-mg&T=0&P=16159</a><br /><br /><br />CJD QUESTIONNAIRE<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/">http://cjdquestionnaire.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />SCRAPIE USA<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/">http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />NOR-98 ATYPICAL SCRAPIE CASES USA<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://nor-98.blogspot.com/">http://nor-98.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE MAD COW BASE UPDATE USA<br /><br /><br />FC5.5.1<br /><br /><br />BASE Transmitted to Primates and MV2 sCJD Subtype Share PrP27-30 and PrPScC-terminal Truncated Fragments<br /><br />Zanusso, G1; Commoy, E2; Fasoli, E3; Fiorini,M3; Lescoutra, N4; Ruchoux,MM4; Casalone, C5; Caramelli, M5; Ferrari, S3;Lasmezas, C6; Deslys, J-P4; Monaco, S31University of Verona, of Neurologicaland Visual Sciences, Italy; 2CEA, IMETI/SEPIA,France; 3University of Verona,Neurological and Visual Sciences, Italy; 4IMETI/SEPIA,France; 5IZSPLVA,Italy; 6The Scripps Research Insitute, USA<br /><br /><br />The etiology of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), the most frequent human prion disease, remains still unknown. The marked disease phenotype heterogeneity observed in sCJD is thought to be influenced by the type of proteinase K-resistant prion protein, or PrPSc (type 1 or type 2 according tothe electrophoretic mobility ofthe unglycosylated backbone), and by the hostpolymorphic Methionine/Valine (M/V) codon 129 of the PRNP. By using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and imunoblotting we previously showed that in sCJD, in addition to the PrPSc type, distinct PrPSc C-terminal truncated fragments (CTFs) correlated with different sCJD subtypes. Based on the combination of CTFs and PrPSc type, we distinguished three PrPSc patterns: (i) the first was observed in sCJD with PrPSc type 1 of allgenotypes, ;(ii) the second was found in M/M-2 (cortical form); (iii) the third in amyloidogenic M/V-2 and V/V-2 subtypes (Zanusso et al., JBC 2004) . Recently, we showed that sCJD subtype M/V-2 shared molecular and pathological features with an atypical form of BSE, named BASE, thus suggesting a potential link between the two conditions. This connection was further confirmed after 2D-PAGE analysis, which showed an identical PrPSc signature, including the biochemical pattern of CTFs. To pursue this issue, we obtained brain homogenates from Cynomolgus macaques intracerebrally inoculatedwith brain homogenates from BASE. Samples were separated by using a two dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) followed by immunoblotting. We here show that the PrPSc pattern obtained in infected primates is identical to BASE and sCJDMV-2 subtype. These data strongly support the link, or at least a common ancestry, between a sCJD subtype and BASE. This work was supported by Neuroprion (FOOD-CT-2004-506579)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />see full text mad cow BASE USA ;<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy TME<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://transmissible-mink-encephalopathy.blogspot.com/">http://transmissible-mink-encephalopathy.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/">http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br />TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-9575281936409180652007-10-09T12:04:00.000-07:002007-10-09T12:15:47.343-07:00nvCJD TSE BLOOD UPDATEP04.49<br /><br />Case Report of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Macaque after BloodTransfusion<br /><br />Lescoutra-Etchegaray, N1; Ruchoux, MM1; Correia, E1; Jolit, A1; Freire, S1;Lasmezas,CI2; Deslys, JP1; Comoy, E1 1CEA/DSV/IMETI/SEPIA, France; 2Scripps Florida,USA<br /><br /><br /><br />A fourth human case of probable transmission of vCJD through transfusion hasnow been reported but a number of features affecting transfusion-relatedinfection remain imprecise, including infectious dose, length of incubation period andcritical infectious window of blood donors.<br /><br />We report here the first case of experimental transmission of vCJD in primates byblood transfusion. Experimental infection of Cynomolgus macaque has beendemonstrated to be a sensitive model for the investigation of human prion diseases,inducing similar distribution of infectivity in peripheral lymphoid tissues and equivalentbrain pathology. In our study, transfusion was performed with 40 ml of whole blooddrawn from a vCJD-infected macaque at the terminal stage of the disease. Clinicalsymptoms of vCJD appeared in the recipient animal after five years of incubation. Thetotal amount of infectivity in the transfused blood was approximately 106 fold lowerthan in the brain (titration still in progress). In several animals infected intravenouslywith brain homogenate, the presence of PrPres in serial lymph nodes biopsiesand in other organs at autopsy was examined and results will be presented.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />P04.51<br /><br />Atypical Presentation of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a 73 Year OldBlood Transfusion Recipient<br /><br />Wroe, S1; Pal, S1; Webb, T1; Alner, K2; Hewitt, P3; Brander, S4; Wadsworth,JD5; Collinge, J1 1National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, National Prion Clinic,UK; 2National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Neuropsychology, UK;3Health Protection Agency, UK; 4National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery,Department of Neuropathology, UK; 5Institute of Neurology, UCL, UK<br /><br /><br /><br />We report atypical presentation of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) identifiedante-mortem in a 73 year-old recipient of blood products. This patient was transfusedfollowing orthopaedic surgery in December 1997. Tracing of blood products identifieda single unit of non-leucodepleted red cells from an individual who developedneuropathologically confirmed vCJD eleven months after donation. Nine years posttransfusion, this individual was referred to the National Prion Clinic for specialistinvestigation. Six years post transfusion the recipient complained of fluctuating fatigueand impaired concentration. At this time neurological examination and MRI brain(T1/T2 weighted/DWI) were normal. Progressive symptoms emerged six months laterwith imbalance and deteriorating cognition. Examination two months after onset ofneurological symptoms demonstrated cognitive deficits, dyspraxia or visuospatialdysfunction and normal motor, sensory and gait examination. Six weeks later cognitiveimpairment was identified alongside tremulousness, impaired manual dexterity andlimb ataxia. Serological investigations were normal. MRI (T1/T2 weighted/FLAIR/DWI)demonstrated prominent signal change throughout the dorsal thalamus, consistentwith vCJD. PRNP genotyping revealed no mutations and homozygosity for methionineat codon 129. The prolonged incubation period of vCJD and possibility ofasymptomatic carrier states pose major public health concerns. This case highlightsthe significant risk encountered by recipients of contaminated blood products and thenecessity for their specialist monitoring.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />P04.36<br /><br />Enhanced Surveillance of Persons Identified as at Increased Risk of CJD Dueto Blood Transfusion or Healthcare Procedures<br /><br />Brookes, D1; Chow, Y1; Ward, HJT2; Will, RG2; Hewitt, P3; Gill, ON11HPA, CJD, UK; 2National CJD Surveillance Unit, UK; 3Colindale, NHS Bloodand Tissue, UK<br /><br />Introduction:<br /><br />Reports of four iatrogenic transmissions of variant-CJD (vCJD) infectionin the UK (all due to transfusion of blood from donors who later developed vCJD),evidence from iatrogenic transmissions of sporadic CJD and experimental workon CJD infectivity in tissues and on healthcare instruments have given rise toconcern about the risks of iatrogenic transmission of CJD. This risk warrants a)certain public health precautions, and b) follow-up of individuals with identified risks inorder to gain evidence about their risks and ensure appropriate management of these risks.Evidence of transmission via iatrogenic routes is important to inform public healthmeasures and so prevent ongoing transmission of CJD.<br /><br />Methods:<br /><br />The Health Protection Agency and Health Protection Scotland holds detailsof persons identified as ‘at-risk’ of vCJD due to blood transfusion and ofpersons identified as ‘at-risk’ of CJD (of any type) from other healthcareprocedures. The GPs/clinicians of all persons identified as ‘at-risk’ for public healthpurposes are provided with: information; risk assessment updates; advice on<br /><br />public health precautions and advice on referral to specialist care. Procedures are beingestablished to obtain enhanced surveillance data on these individuals,including:clinical status updates, date and cause of death, surplus tissue and bloodspecimens, and postmortem investigations.<br /><br />Results:<br /><br />Persons ‘at-risk’ of CJD have experienced a range of exposures. Estimatedrisks are uncertain and overlapping. Some individuals - recipients of vCJDimplicated blood components - are considered to be at a clearly higher riskof infection: active follow-up is currently conducted for these individuals. Intime, the enhanced surveillance of persons at increased risk of CJD will provideestimates of transmission risks and of the impact of iatrogenic exposures on mortality.Conclusion: Knowledge about iatrogenic transmission of CJD is being gainedby the follow-up of individuals who have been identified as ‘at-risk’ of CJDin the UK. This enhanced surveillance may need to be sustained for many years.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Prions in Plasma of Patients with Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob DiseaseSafar, J.G1,3, Geschwindm M.D2,3, Letessier, F1,Kuo, A1, Pomeroy, K1, Deering, C1, Serban, A1,Groth, D1, Miller, B.L2,3, DeArmond, S.J1,4,Prusiner, S.B1,3,51Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases,2Memory and Aging Center, Departments of3Neurology, 4Pathology, and 5Biochemistryand Biophysics, University of California,San Francisco, California 94143<br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Friday.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Friday.pdf</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Thursday.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Thursday.pdf</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Wednesday.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Wednesday.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />ABSTRACTS SPORADIC CJD AND H BASE MAD COW ALABAMA AND TEXAS SEPTEMBER 2007<br /><br />Date: Mon, 24 Sep 2007 21:31:55 -0500<br /><br /><br /><br />I suggest that you all read the data out about h-BASE and sporadic CJD, GSS, blood, and some of the other abstracts from the PRION2007. ...<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0709&L=sanet-mg&T=0&F=&S=&P=19744">http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0709&L=sanet-mg&T=0&F=&S=&P=19744</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> *** PLEASE READ AND UNDERSTAND THE RAMIFICATIONS OF THIS !!! THE PRICE OF POKER INDEED GOES UP. ...TSS<br /><br />USA BASE CASE, (ATYPICAL BSE), AND OR TSE (whatever they are calling it today), please note that both the ALABAMA COW, AND THE TEXAS COW, both were ''H-TYPE'', personal communication Detwiler et al Wednesday, August 22, 2007 11:52 PM. ...TSS<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0708&L=sanet-mg&T=0&P=19779">http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0708&L=sanet-mg&T=0&P=19779</a><br /><br /><br /><br />Prions in Plasma of Patients with Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob DiseaseSafar, J.G1,3, Geschwindm M.D2,3, Letessier, F1,Kuo, A1, Pomeroy, K1, Deering, C1, Serban, A1,Groth, D1, Miller, B.L2,3, DeArmond, S.J1,4,Prusiner, S.B1,3,51Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases,2Memory and Aging Center, Departments of3Neurology, 4Pathology, and 5Biochemistryand Biophysics, University of California,San Francisco, California 94143<br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Friday.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Friday.pdf</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Thursday.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Thursday.pdf</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Wednesday.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Wednesday.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><br />P04.33<br /><br />Diagnostic Utility of CSF Biomarkers and General CSF Findings in a U.SSporadic CJD Cohort<br /><br />Geschwind, MD; Haman, A; Torres-Chae, C; Raudabaugh, BJ; Devereux, G;Miller, BL University of California, San Francisco, USA<br /><br />Background:<br /><br />The diagnostic utility of CSF biomarkers, including 14-3-3 protein,neuron-specific enolase (NSE), AB42, total Tau (T-Tau), and phosphorylatedTau (PTau)/ T-Tau ratio are often are used for sporadic CJD (sCJD) diagnosisis controversial. We have previously reported the CSF 14-3-3 protein to havepoor sensitivity for CJD diagnosis. In this study, now report the sensitivity and specificityof several CSF biomarkers and general characteristics in a U.S. cohort of sCJDand non-prion rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) controls (Non-CJD cohort)subjects.<br /><br /><br /><br />Design/Methods:<br /><br />Clinical diagnoses are made through review of medical records, clinical evaluation,<br />and in many cases pathology. Data is stored in a secure clinical relational database,<br />which was queried for various CSF findings, including cell count, protein, IgG index,<br />oligoclonal bands (OCBs), 14-3-3, NSE, T-Tau in patients with probable or definite<br />sporadic CJD and non-prion rapidly progressive dementias (RPD),most of whom were referred to our center with a potential diagnosis of CJD.For probable sCJD diagnosis, we used UCSF criteria that are modified from WHO tosubstitute MRI for 14-3-3. T-Tau and NSE were considered positive if > 1300pg/ml and > 35 ng/ml, respectively. For this analysis, ambiguous 14-3-3 results wereconsidered as negative.<br /><br />Results:<br /><br />14-3-3 protein (n=149) sensitivity was only 48% (47% for definite; 50% forprobable sCJD). NSE (n=49) sensitivity was 63% (66% for definite; 59% for probablesCJD). T-Tau (n=28) was the most sensitive at 68% (69% for definite; 67% forprobable sCJD). The specificity of these biomarkers among our CJD and RPD controls(n=72) was 66% for 14-3-3 (n=47), 81% for NSE (n=21), and 100% for T-Tau (n=7). The14-3-3 had the lowest sensitivity and specificity. Mildly elevated CSFprotein (<100>20, is uncommon in sCJD.<br /><br />Conclusions/Relevance:<br /><br />In a cohort from a major U.S. CJD referral center, the 14-3-3is neither sensitive nor specific for sCJD. NSE and T-Tau also show poor sensitivity forsCJD. T-Tau may be more specific than 14-3-3 and NSE, but our “n” is small.WHO sCJD criteria should be revised; by eliminating 14-3-3 and including brainMRI into the criteria. We are currently analyzing the effects of disease duration andcodon 129 polymorphism on these CSF biomarker results.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf">http://www.prion2007.com/pdf/Prion%20Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />USA NVCJD BLOOD RECALLS ONLY ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=CJD+BLOOD+RECALLS+TSS&btnG=Search">http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=CJD+BLOOD+RECALLS+TSS&btnG=Search</a><br /><br /><br />CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE MAD COW BASE, CWD, SCRAPIE UPDATE OCT 2007<br /><br /><a href="http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/">http://cjdmadcowbaseoct2007.blogspot.com/</a><br /><br /><br /><br />CJD TSE NEWS<br /><br /><a href="http://disc.server.com/Indices/236650.html">http://disc.server.com/Indices/236650.html</a><br /><br /><br />CJD VOICE (voice for _all_ victims of human TSE)<br /><br /><a href="http://members.aol.com/larmstr853/cjdvoice/cjdvoice.htm">http://members.aol.com/larmstr853/cjdvoice/cjdvoice.htm</a><br /><br /><br />TSSTerry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37944920.post-1165707873175135862006-12-09T15:31:00.000-08:002008-07-20T13:11:36.931-07:00vCJD case study highlights blood transfusion riskvCJD case study highlights blood transfusion risk<br /><br />Friday 8th December 2006<br /><br />Scientists have confirmed that Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) can be passed from person to person through blood transfusion. A case study published in The Lancet reports on the third person known to have contracted vCJD from blood transfusion. The patient, who has since passed away, is the first to have been diagnosed whilst still alive. Two others from a group of 66 people who received prion-infected blood from donors known to have developed vCJD, died before their illness was confirmed.<br /><br />At the age of 23, the patient was given a blood transfusion from a donor who later developed vCJD. Seven and a half years later he was referred to the NHS National Prion Clinic at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery where his symptoms were confirmed to be caused by vCJD. The patient opted to join the experimental MRC treatment trial Prion-1 which began in 2004, in which patients are given a drug called quinacrine. Sadly, he died a year later at the ageof 32.<br /><br />Professor John Collinge of the Medical Research Council Prion Unit explains:<br /><br />‘‘That three individuals from this small group of people that we know to have been exposed through blood transfusion have already developed vCJD infection suggests that the infection may be efficiently passed by this route, so the risk to remaining individuals is likely to be substantial.”<br /><br />‘‘A national tonsil tissue screening study being performed by the Health Protection Agency may soon give estimates of the number of people who are silently infected with prions. This information is vital for public health planning given the relative ease with which prions seem to be passed on by blood transfusion.”<br /><br />Prion infections in humans are known to have long incubation periods, a person could be silently infected for more than 50 years before developing symptoms of the disease. During this time such a carrier of infection poses a potential risk to others through blood transfusion and contamination of surgical and medical instruments.<br /><br />The incubation period when prions pass from human to human is thought to be much shorter than when they pass from one species to another. As a result, prions that enter the body through blood transfusion as opposed to eating infected cattle meat, like BSE prions do, probably cause vCJD to develop more<br /><br />2<br /><br />quickly. When blood transfusion is the source of prions, vCJD seems, based on these cases, to develop in as little as 6 to 7 years.<br /><br />Professor Collinge concludes:<br /><br />‘‘Analysis of samples of the patient’s tonsil tissue after death, confirmed that they were infected with prions. Examining tonsil tissue is an established way to diagnose vCJD early if there is reason to suspect a person has prion disease. There was uncertainty about whether this test would also be helpful in patients infected by blood transfusion. Study of tissue from the patient in this case study was extremely helpful in answering this question. In fact, it is likely that prion infection could be diagnosed by tonsil biopsy in people who are known to be at high risk because they have received blood from an infected donor should they wish. Although we do not yet have an effective treatment for any form of CJD, a reliable tonsil test could allow people with vCJD to access experimental treatments early.”<br /><br />Key facts<br /><br />• The prions that cause vCJD are an altered form of one of the body’s own proteins. This is why the immune system fails to recognise the danger prions represent.<br /><br />• Scientists know that a person’s genetic profile plays a role in their relative risk of developing vCJD.<br /><br />MRC/42/06<br />Press Office<br />Phone: 020 7637 6011<br /><a href="mailto:press.office@headoffice.mrc.ac.uk">press.office@headoffice.mrc.ac.uk</a><br /><br />Notes to editors<br /><br />1. Clinical presentation and pre-mortem diagnosis of variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease associated with blood transfusion: a case report is published in The Lancet volume 368.<br />2. Dissociation of pathological and molecular phenotype of vCJD in transgenic human PrP heterozygous mice was published early this year in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The paper describes how a person’s genetic profile influences their susceptibility to prion disease.<br />3. The Medical Research Council (MRC) is funded by the UK tax-payer. It aims to improve human health. The research it supports and the scientists it trains meet the needs of the health services, the pharmaceutical and other health-related industries and universities. The MRC has funded work which has led to some of the most significant discoveries and achievements in medicine in the UK. <a href="http://www.mrc.ac.uk/">http://www.mrc.ac.uk</a><br />4. The National Prion Clinic (NPC) is based at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London.The NPC provides<br />3<br />diagnosis and care for patients with, or suspected of having, any form of human prion disease. The NPC is the national referral centre for prion disease, and works closely with the MRC Prion Unit, based at the Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London. An extensive research programme seeking to promote early diagnosis and develop treatments for this group of diseases is now supported by the first clinical trial for prion disease in the UK.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.mrc.ac.uk/consumption/groups/public/documents/content/mrc003431.pdf">http://www.mrc.ac.uk/consumption/groups/public/documents/content/mrc003431.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />The Lancet 2006; 368:2061-2067<br /><br />DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69835-8<br /><br />Articles<br /><br />Clinical presentation and pre-mortem diagnosis of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with blood transfusion: a case report<br /><br />Stephen J Wroe FRCP a b, Suvankar Pal MRCP a b, Durrenajaf Siddique MRCP a b, Harpreet Hyare FRCR a b, Rebecca Macfarlane MRCS a b, Susan Joiner MSc b, Jacqueline M Linehan BSc b, Sebastian Brandner MRCPath b, Jonathan DF Wadsworth PhD b, Patricia Hewitt FRCPath c and Prof John Collinge FRS a b<br /><br />Summary Background Concerns have been raised that variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) might be transmissible by blood transfusion. Two cases of prion infection in a group of known recipients of transfusion from donors who subsequently developed vCJD were identified post-mortem and reported in 2004. Another patient from this at-risk group developed neurological signs and was referred to the National Prion Clinic.<br /><br />Methods The patient was admitted for investigation and details of blood transfusion history were obtained from the National Blood Service and Health Protection Agency; after diagnosis of vCJD, the patient was enrolled into the MRC PRION-1 trial. When the patient died, brain and tonsil tissue were obtained at autopsy and assessed for the presence of disease-related PrP by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.<br /><br />Findings A clinical diagnosis of probable vCJD was made; tonsil biopsy was not done. The patient received experimental therapy with quinacrine, but deteriorated and died after a clinical course typical of vCJD. Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis and showed prion infection of the tonsils.<br /><br />Interpretation This case of transfusion-associated vCJD infection, identified ante-mortem, is the third instance from a group of 23 known recipients who survived at least 5 years after receiving a transfusion from donors who subsequently developed vCJD. The risk to the remaining recipients of such tranfusions is probably high, and these patients should be offered specialist follow-up and investigation. Tonsil biopsy will allow early and pre-symptomatic diagnosis in other iatrogenically exposed individuals at high risk, as in those with primary infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions.<br /><br />Affiliations<br /><br />a. National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK b. MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK c. National Blood Service, London, UK<br /><br />Correspondence to: Prof John Collinge<br /><br /><a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673606698358/abstract">http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673606698358/abstract</a><br /><br /><br />Infected blood threatens fresh outbreak of vCJD<br /><br />Nigel Hawkes, Health Editor<br /><br /># Ease of transmission puts thousands at risk # Third transfusion death alarms scientists<br /><br />Thousands of people are at risk from an outbreak of variant Creut-zfeld-Jakob disease spread by contaminated blood or infected surgical instruments.<br /><br />An analysis of the death of a third patient after a transfusion of infected blood, published yesterday, shows that the disease is very easily transmitted by blood. Nobody knows how many donors may have given infected blood in the past, or may still be giving it today.<br /><br />That it can be transmitted by infected blood means that there is a serious risk of a self-sustaining secondary epidemic of vCJD. Transmission is much easier than by eating contaminated meat, where a species barrier must be overcome.<br /><br />The evidence of the three cases is that vCJD can develop in as little as six to seven years if transmitted by blood. The incubation period for vCJD caught from infected beef is significantly longer. The National Blood Service said that it had taken all the precautionary measures it could. “The trouble is that there is no test we can use,” a spokesman said.<br /><br />At greatest risk are a handful of people known to have had blood transfusions from healthy donors who went on to develop vCJD. There are 24 such recipients still alive, and their risk is substantial, Professor John Collinge, Britain’s leading expert on the disease, said.<br /><br />The unnamed third patient to catch vCJD from contaminated blood had a transfusion when he was 23. Seven years later he developed symptoms. He opted to join an experimental treatment trial organised by the Medical Research Council in which patients are given the drug quinacrine. He died a year later, aged 32.<br /><br />He was one of 66 people identified by the National Blood Service as having received blood from a donor who later developed vCJD. Of these, 34 died of other causes within five years of the transfusions. Of the remaining 32, eight have now died, three from vCJD.<br /><br />Professor Collinge, who reports on the case in The Lancet, said: “That three individuals from this small group of people that we know to have been exposed through blood transfusion have already developed vCJD infection suggests that the infection may be efficiently passed by this route, so the risk to remaining individuals is likely to be substantial.”<br /><br />So far, about 160 people, mostly young, are known to have died of the disease by eating contaminated beef. The numbers were relatively low because of the “species barrier” between cows and humans.<br /><br />Measures taken so far to prevent transmission by blood include importing blood plasma from the US, excluding as donors all those who have themselves had a transfusion as well as those whose blood has gone to recipients who have later developed vCJD, and removing white blood cells from all blood components in the belief that they are the most likely carriers of the rogue prions that cause the disease.<br /><br />But without a test it is impossible to screen all blood donations, as is done for HIV and other diseases. Nor is it yet known how many potentially contaminated donors there are. The incubation period for vCJD acquired from beef is so long that there is ample opportunity for a blood donor to be carrying the rogue prions for years without any knowledge.<br /><br />Experiments in mice show that such subclinical infections can still act as a source of full-blown infection if transmitted to other mice.<br /><br />Studies of tonsils removed in routine operations suggest, the Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC) says, that there could be several thousand subclinical carriers of the disease.<br /><br />They might infect others in two ways: either through blood transfusions, if the precautions prove inadequate, or — more likely in SEAC’s view — through contaminated surgical instruments.<br /><br />A big potential danger is in dental surgery. “The large number of dental procedures coupled with good patient survival implies that any significant risk via this route could have a major impact on the dynamics of secondary infection,” the committee said.<br /><br />But nobody yet knows how infective the mouth and gum tissues of vCJD victims are. Dental instruments are sterilised between patients, but routine sterilisation is not enough to destroy the prions that cause the disease.<br /><br />The Lancet paper says that tests on the tonsils of the patient who died showed that they were infected with prions. Testing tonsil tissue is a way of determining early if there is reason to suspect prion disease, Professr Collinge said.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8122-2493197,00.html">http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8122-2493197,00.html</a><br /><br /><br />----- Original Message ----- From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. To: FREAS@CBER.FDA.GOV Cc: william.freas@fda.hhs.gov ; rosanna.harvey@fda.hhs.gov Sent: Wednesday, November 29, 2006 1:24 PM Subject: TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006 [TSS SUBMISSION]<br /><br />November 29, 2006<br /><br />Greetings FDA, DHH, Dr. Freas, and Dr. Harvey et al,<br /><br />a kind and warm Holiday Greetings to you all.<br /><br />i kindly wish to submit the following to the TSE advisory committee for the meeting December 15, 2006, about the assessment for potential exposure to vCJD in human plasma-derived antihemophilic factor (FVIII) products manufactured from U.S. plasma donors and related communication material ;<br /><br /><a href="http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm">http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/01jan20061800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2006/E6-20251.htm</a><br /><br /><br />i see the media picked up on this as a 'low risk', from what the gov. agency perceived to be to them;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.newsday.com/news/health/ats-ap_health14nov27,0,7955259.story?coll=ny-leadhealthnews-headlines">http://www.newsday.com/news/health/ats-ap_health14nov27,0,7955259.story?coll=ny-leadhealthnews-headlines</a><br /><br /><br />however, i seem to disagree. from my primitive ciphering, i see it another way. this is a huge catastrophic risk. 3 in 160 is 1.9%. so call that 2% which is 1 in 50 or twenty per thousand or 20,000 per million. also, what about the mixed genotypes/mixed susceptibility? what about the silent carriers that donated tainted blood? what about the sporadic CJDs of UNKNOWN strain or phenotype? this risk assessment is just more BSe to me. just another in a long line of industry fed crap. i pray that my assessment is the one that is wrong. but it is THEY who roll the dice with your life. it is THEY who refuse to regulate an industry that has run amok. just from a recall aspect of potentially tainted blood, and these are just recent recalls ;<br /><br />PRODUCT Source Plasma, Recall # B-0054-7 CODE Units: 03MMNC5465, 03MMNC6361, 03MMNC6801, 03MMNC7510, 03MMNC7891, 03MMNC8252, 03MMNC8801, 03MMNC9144, 03MMND1122, 03MMND1478, 03MMND1969, 03MMND2350, 03MMND2825, 03MMND3211, 03MMND3708, 03MMND4072, 03MMND4588, 03MMND4831, 03MMND5320, 03MMND5719, 03MMND6268, 03MMND6683, 03MMND7228, 03MMND7656, 03MMND8211, 03MMND8652, 03MMND9195, 03MMND9618, 03MMNE0628, 03MMNE0884, 03MMNE1597, 03MMNE1979, 03MMNE2644, 03MMNE3064, 03MMNE3707, 03MMNE4122, 03MMNE4750, 03MMNE5080, 03MMNE5876, 03MMNE6218, 03MMNE7189, 03MMNE7587, 03MMNE8027, 03MMNE8645, 03MMNE9029, 03MMNE9641, 03MMNE9979, 03MMNF0491, 03MMNF0685, 03MMNF0937, 03MMNF1260, 04MMNA0351, 04MMNA0707, 04MMNA1241, 04MMNA1650, 04MMNA2291, 04MMNA2646, 04MMNA3340, 04MMNA3719, 04MMNA4312, 04MMNA4683, 04MMNA5298, 04MMNA5750, 04MMNA6407, 04MMNA6816, 04MMNA7482, 04MMNA7915, 04MMNA8632, 04MMNA9076, 04MMNA9723, 04MMNB0063, 04MMNB0696, 04MMNB1100, 04MMNB1845, 04MMNB2285, 04MMNB3035, 04MMNB3485, 04MMNB4213, 04MMNB4672, 04MMNB5841, 04MMNB6652, 04MMNB7162, 04MMNB7930, 04MMNB8453, 04MMNB9239, 04MMNB9747, 04MMNC0456, 04MMNC0931, 04MMNC1578 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER BioLife Plasma Services, L.P., Mankato, MN, by facsimile on June 4, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor who was at increased risk for new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 89 units DISTRIBUTION CA and Austria<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR October 25, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00975.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00975.html</a><br /><br /><br />USA FDA MAD COW BLOOD HUMANS RECALL (these are dime a dozen)<br /><br />RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: BIOLOGICS -- CLASS II ______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma, Recall # B-1708-6 CODE Units: MI180733, MI180927, MI181625, MI181780, MI182337, MI182519, MI183140, MI183311, MI183955, MI185006, MI185278, MI185822, MI186081, MI186855, MI187183, MI187903, MI188273, MI188695, MI189257, MI189553, MI190136, MI190473, MI191073, MI191395, MI191972, MI192303, MI193473, MI194343, 04MINA0377, 04MINA0801, 05MINA7147, 05MINA7451, 05MINA8094, 05MINA8504, 05MINA9548, 05MINA9883, 05MINB0489, 05MINB0875, 05MINB1469, 05MINB1874, 05MINB3116, 05MINB7192, 05MINB7529, 05MINB8246, 05MINB8612, 05MINB9236, 05MINB9366, 05MINB9475, 05MINB9641, 05MINC0031, 05MINC0237, 05MINC0336, 05MINC0894, 05MINC0964, 05MINC1138, 05MINC1619, 05MINC1750, 05MINC1907, 05MINC1977, 05MINC2375, 05MINC2774, 05MINC3113, 05MINC3484, 05MINC4277, 05MINC4623, 05MINC5623, 05MINC5914, 05MINC7545, 05MINC7870, 05MINC8355, 05MINC8689, 05MINC9437, 05MINC9775, 05MIND0067, 05MIND0393, 05MIND0892, 05MIND0951, 05MIND1836, 05MIND2183 and 05MIND2962 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER BioLife Plasma Services L.P., Muncie, IN, by facsimile on November 22, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from unsuitable donors based on risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 80 units DISTRIBUTION CA, NC, and MD<br /><br />______________________________<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells, Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1714-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1715-6; c) Platelets, Recall # B-1716-6 CODE a), b), and c) Unit: 2443732 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by letters dated November 11, 2003 and December 18, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor who was at increased risk for new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION TX and WI<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 13, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00969.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00969.html</a><br /><br /><br />PRODUCT Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1751-6 CODE Unit: 4936623 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center, Houston, TX, by facsimile dated September 16, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood product, which was collected from an unsuitable donor based on risk factors for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), was distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 1 unit DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR SEPTEMBER 6, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00968.html</a><br /><br /><br />Mon Aug 7, 2006 10:24 71.248.132.189<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells, Recall # B-1587-6; b) Cryoprecipitated AHF, Recall # B-1588-6; c) Recovered Plasma, Recal # B-1589-6 CODE a), b) and c) Unit: 2016719 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Walter Shepeard Community Blood Center, Inc., Augusta, GA, by facsimile on March 13, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION GA and Germany<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1590-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1591-6 CODE a) and b) Unit: 2443595 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on June 30, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1592-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1593-6 CODE a) and b) Unit: 2545596 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on December 14, 2004 and January 3, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />______________________________<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00963.html</a><br /><br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1550-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1551-6 CODE a) and b) Unit 2395371 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by fax on August 20, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX ______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1552-6; b) Platelets, Recall # B-1553-6; c) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1554-6 CODE a), b) and c) Unit 2438702 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by fax on May 29, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1555-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1556-6 CODE a) and b) Unit 2454970 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by fax on July 23 and December 11. 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells, Recall # B-1494-6 b) Cryoprecipitated AHF, Recall # B-1495-6 CODE a) and b) Unit 5013100 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Walter L. Shepeard Community Blood Center, Inc., Augusta, GA, by fax on May 17, 2005. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION GA<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma, Recall # B-1450-6 CODE Unit numbers ST0824313 and ST0824764 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Stillwater Plasma Center LLC, Stillwater, OK, by fax on November 21, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor whose suitability pertaining to risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) was not adequately determined, were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION UK<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Plasma Frozen, Recall # B-1422-6; Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1423-6 CODE a) Unit 03E42218; b) Unit 03E38153 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER American Red Cross Blood Services, Atlanta, GA, by telephone, e-mail or letter on February 20 or 21, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION GA and Switzerland<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1374-6; b) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1375-6 CODE a) and b) unit 2453906 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by fax on October 31 and November 5, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Austria<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma. Recall # B-1295-6 CODE Units: NG0046551, NG0045950 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER DCI Biologicals Nacogdoches LLC, Nacogdoches, TX, by telephone and fax on December 20, 2002, Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor who did not answer the questions on the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (nvCJD) questionnaire appropriately, were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION KY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma. Recall # B-1296-6 CODE Unit: NG 0044520 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER DCI Biologicals Nacogdoches LLC, Nacogdoches, TX, by telephone and fax on December 12, 2002. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood product, collected from a donor who did not answer the questions on the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (nvCJD) questionnaire, was distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 1 unit DISTRIBUTION KY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma. Recall # B-1297-6 CODE Units: NG0042874, NG0043139, NG0043312, NG0043618, NG0043797, NG0044020, NG0044209, NG0044507, NG0044718, NG0044977, NG0045161, NG0045412, NG0045555 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER DCI Biologicals Nacogdoches LLC, Nacogdoches, TX, by telephone and fax on December 20, 2002. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor considered to be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 13 units DISTRIBUTION KY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Source Plasma, Recall # B-1298-6 CODE Units: NG 0046823, NG 0046671, NG 0045205, NG 0044635, NG 0043095, NG 0042525, NG 0042341 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER DCI Biologicals Nacogdoches LLC, Nacogdoches, TX, by telephone and fax on December 20, 2002. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, collected from a donor who answered questions on the variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) questionnaire inappropriately, were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 7 units DISTRIBUTION KY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1299-6 CODE Unit: 4357117 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER Department of the Navy, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA, by fax and letter on September 25, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood product, collected from a donor considered to be at risk of exposure to Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD), was distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 1 unit DISTRIBUTION Germany<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR July 12, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00960.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00960.html</a><br /><br /><br />CJD WATCH MESSAGE BOARD TSS FDA mad cow nvCJD 'only' blood recalls 1ST WEEK JULY Fri Jul 7, 2006 09:37 70.110.83.160<br /><br />FDA mad cow nvCJD 'only' blood recalls 1ST WEEK JULY<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1379-6; b) Platelets, Recall # B-1380-6; c) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # 1381-6; d) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1382-6 CODE a) Unit numbers: 2343106, 2377779, and 2403533; b) and c) Unit numbers: 2377779; d) Unit numbers: 2343106 and 2403533 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on June 12, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 7 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Austria ______________________________<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1467-6; b) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1468-6 CODE a) and b) Unit numbers: 2329380 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on May 8, 2003. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Switzerland<br /><br />______________________________<br /><br />PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1479-6; b) Cryoprecipitated AHF, Recall # B-1480-6; c) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1481-6 CODE a), b), and c) Unit numbers: 2383280 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on July 23 and 29, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Switzerland<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1482-6; b) Fresh Frozen Plasma, Recall # B-1483-6 CODE a) and b) Unit number: 2501452 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on October 5, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 2 units DISTRIBUTION TX and NY<br /><br />______________________________ PRODUCT a) Red Blood Cells Leukocytes Reduced, Recall # B-1484-6; b) Plasma Cryoprecipitated Reduced, Recall # B-1485-6; c) Recovered Plasma, Recall # B-1486-6 CODE a) and c) Unit number: 2554077; b) Unit number: 2415708 RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER South Texas Blood and Tissue Center, San Antonio, TX, by facsimile on August 13, 2004. Firm initiated recall is complete. REASON Blood products, which were collected from a donor who may be at increased risk for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), were distributed. VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 3 units DISTRIBUTION TX and Austria<br /><br />_____________________________________<br /><br />END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR July 5, 2006<br /><br />###<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00959.html">http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/enforce/2006/ENF00959.html</a><br /><br /><br />Greetings again Dr. Freas et al at FDA,<br /><br />WITH new atypical TSE in the bovine, in the sheep, goat, and humans, and the fact that the new BASE TSE in cattle being very very similar to sporadic CJD, rather than the nvCJD, the fact that now science showing the TSE agent of the atypical cattle in Japan showing infectivity other than CNS tissue, the fact that the latest Texas mad cow and the recent Alabama mad cow both being of the atypical strain, it would seem prudent to include all human TSE in the blood ban, in my opinion. with sporadic CJD, you have many strains and or phenotypes, some of which are 'UNKNOWN', so we do not know how this will transmit, what tissues are infectious and or if blood transmits. that's the bottom line, however it has been reported that the BASE is more virulent to humans. With this, and the fact that sporadic CJD has tripled in the past few years or so, i see it as being prudent to take serious and immediate action ;<br /><br />PERSPECTIVE<br /><br />On the Question of Sporadic<br /><br />or Atypical Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy and<br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease<br /><br />Paul Brown,* Lisa M. McShane,† Gianluigi Zanusso,‡ and Linda Detwiler§<br /><br />Strategies to investigate the possible existence of sporadic<br /><br />bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) require<br /><br />systematic testing programs to identify cases in countries<br /><br />considered to have little or no risk for orally acquired disease,<br /><br />or to detect a stable occurrence of atypical cases in<br /><br />countries in which orally acquired disease is disappearing.<br /><br />To achieve 95% statistical confidence that the prevalence<br /><br />of sporadic BSE is no greater than 1 per million (i.e., the<br /><br />annual incidence of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease<br /><br />[CJD] in humans) would require negative tests in 3 million<br /><br />randomly selected older cattle. A link between BSE and<br /><br />sporadic CJD has been suggested on the basis of laboratory<br /><br />studies but is unsupported by epidemiologic observation.<br /><br />Such a link might yet be established by the discovery<br /><br />of a specific molecular marker or of particular combinations<br /><br />of trends over time of typical and atypical BSE and various<br /><br />subtypes of sporadic CJD, as their numbers are influenced<br /><br />by a continuation of current public health measures that<br /><br />exclude high-risk bovine tissues from the animal and<br /><br />human food chains. ......<br /><br />PLEASE READ FULL TEXT ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0965.htm?s_cid=eid06_0965_e">http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0965.htm?s_cid=eid06_0965_e</a><br /><br /><br />CDC DR. PAUL BROWN TSE EXPERT COMMENTS 2006<br /><br />The U.S. Department of Agriculture was quick to assure the public earlier this week that the third case of mad cow disease did not pose a risk to them, but what federal officials have not acknowledged is that this latest case indicates the deadly disease has been circulating in U.S. herds for at least a decade.<br /><br />The second case, which was detected last year in a Texas cow and which USDA officials were reluctant to verify, was approximately 12 years old.<br /><br />These two cases (the latest was detected in an Alabama cow) present a picture of the disease having been here for 10 years or so, since it is thought that cows usually contract the disease from contaminated feed they consume as calves. The concern is that humans can contract a fatal, incurable, brain-wasting illness from consuming beef products contaminated with the mad cow pathogen.<br /><br />"The fact the Texas cow showed up fairly clearly implied the existence of other undetected cases," Dr. Paul Brown, former medical director of the National Institutes of Health's Laboratory for Central Nervous System Studies and an expert on mad cow-like diseases, told United Press International. "The question was, 'How many?' and we still can't answer that."<br /><br />Brown, who is preparing a scientific paper based on the latest two mad cow cases to estimate the maximum number of infected cows that occurred in the United States, said he has "absolutely no confidence in USDA tests before one year ago" because of the agency's reluctance to retest the Texas cow that initially tested positive.<br /><br />USDA officials finally retested the cow and confirmed it was infected seven months later, but only at the insistence of the agency's inspector general.<br /><br />"Everything they did on the Texas cow makes everything USDA did before 2005 suspect," Brown said. ...snip...end<br /><br />http://www.upi.com/<br /><br />*** Inherent Challenges in Identifying and Testing High-Risk Cattle Still Remain<br /><br /><a href="http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/50601-10-KC.pdf">http://www.usda.gov/oig/webdocs/50601-10-KC.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />3:00 Afternoon Refreshment Break, Poster and Exhibit Viewing in the Exhibit Hall<br /><br />3:30 Transmission of the Italian Atypical BSE (BASE) in Humanized Mouse Models<br /><br />Qingzhong Kong, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Pathology, Case Western Reserve University<br /><br />Bovine Amyloid Spongiform Encephalopathy (BASE) is an atypical BSE strain discovered recently in Italy, and similar or different atypical BSE cases were also reported in other countries. The infectivity and phenotypes of these atypical BSE strains in humans are unknown. In collaboration with Pierluigi Gambetti, as well as Maria Caramelli and her co-workers, we have inoculated transgenic mice expressing human prion protein with brain homogenates from BASE or BSE infected cattle. Our data shows that about half of the BASE-inoculated mice became infected with an average incubation time of about 19 months; in contrast, none of the BSE-inoculated mice appear to be infected after more than 2 years. ***These results indicate that BASE is transmissible to humans and suggest that BASE is more virulent than classical BSE in humans***.<br /><br />6:30 Close of Day One<br /><br /><a href="http://www.healthtech.com/2007/tse/day1.asp">http://www.healthtech.com/2007/tse/day1.asp</a><br /><br /><br />SEE STEADY INCREASE IN SPORADIC CJD IN THE USA FROM 1997 TO 2006. SPORADIC CJD CASES TRIPLED, with phenotype of 'UNKNOWN' strain growing. ...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html</a><br /><br /><br />There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last week in San Francisco by Luigi Gambatti(?) from his CJD surveillance collection.<br /><br />He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively SPRPSC and practically no detected RPRPSC proteins.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Prion infections, blood and transfusions<br /><br />Adriano Aguzzi* and Markus Glatzel<br /><br />Prion infections lead to invariably fatal diseases of the CNS, including<br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, bovine spongiform<br /><br />encephalopathy (BSE), and scrapie in sheep. There have been hundreds<br /><br />of instances in which prions have been transmitted iatrogenically among<br /><br />humans, usually through neurosurgical procedures or administration of<br /><br />pituitary tissue extracts. Prions have not generally been regarded as bloodborne<br /><br />infectious agents, and case-control studies have failed to identify<br /><br />CJD in transfusion recipients. Previous understanding was, however,<br /><br />questioned by reports of prion infections in three recipients of blood<br /><br />donated by individuals who subsequently developed variant CJD. On<br /><br />reflection, hematogenic prion transmission does not come as a surprise, as<br /><br />involvement of extracerebral compartments such as lymphoid organs and<br /><br />skeletal muscle is common in most prion infections, and prions have been<br /><br />recovered from the blood of rodents and sheep. Novel diagnostic strategies,<br /><br />which might include the use of surrogate markers of prion infection, along<br /><br />with prion removal strategies, might help to control the risk of iatrogenic<br /><br />prion spread through blood transfusions. ...<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />Last, despite all epidemiological evidence to<br /><br />the contrary, patients who are methionine/valine<br /><br />heterozygous at codon 129 of the PRNP gene are<br /><br />susceptible to infection with vCJD prions, which<br /><br />raises several important questions. Is the virulence<br /><br />of BSE prions enhanced when passaged<br /><br />from human to human, as opposed to the<br /><br />original bovine to human situation? Passaging<br /><br />experiments of scrapie infectivity between mice<br /><br />and hamsters indicate that this scenario is highly<br /><br />plausible.6 Even more importantly, can vCJD<br /><br />infection of heterozygous individuals establish<br /><br />a permanent subclinical carrier state? Although<br /><br />this situation might constitute a best-case<br /><br />scenario for the infected individuals, it could be<br /><br />disastrous from an epidemiological viewpoint,<br /><br />as it might lead to an unrecognized and possibly<br /><br />self-sustaining epidemic. ...<br /><br />snip... full text ;<br /><br />JUNE 2006 VOL 2 NO 6 AGUZZI AND GLATZEL NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE NEUROLOGY 329<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nature.com/clinicalpractice/neuro">www.nature.com/clinicalpractice/neuro</a><br /><br /><br />FDA Fines American Red Cross $4.2 Million (BLOOD CJD) Fri Sep 8, 2006 20:01 71.248.154.242<br /><br />FDA Statement FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Statement September 8, 2006 Media Inquiries: 301-827-6242 Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA<br /><br />FDA Fines American Red Cross $4.2 Million for Failure to Meet Established Blood Safety Laws<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/cber/talkpapers.htm#arc">http://www.fda.gov/cber/talkpapers.htm#arc</a><br /><br /><br />snip...<br /><br />One way the Red Cross erred was by failing to ask donors about travel history that could increase the chances of having malaria or the human version of mad cow disease, FDA officials said.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><a href="http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=healthNews&storyID=2006-09-08T224834Z_01_N08403053_RTRIDST_0_HEALTH-REDCROSS-DC.XML">http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=healthNews&storyID=2006-09-08T224834Z_01_N08403053_RTRIDST_0_HEALTH-REDCROSS-DC.XML</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=healthNews&storyID=2006-09-08T224834Z_01_N08403053_RTRIDST_0_HEALTH-REDCROSS-DC.XML&pageNumber=1&imageid=&cap=&sz=13&WTModLoc=NewsArt-C1-ArticlePage1">http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=healthNews&storyID=2006-09-08T224834Z_01_N08403053_RTRIDST_0_HEALTH-REDCROSS-DC.XML&pageNumber=1&imageid=&cap=&sz=13&WTModLoc=NewsArt-C1-ArticlePage1</a><br /><br /><br />Greetings again Dr. Freas et al at FDA,<br /><br />THIS was like closing the barn door after the mad cows got loose. not only the red cross, but the FDA has failed the public in protecting them from the TSE aka mad cow agent. TSE agent i.e. bse, base, cwd, scrapie, tme, and any sub strains thereof. we do not know if these strains will or have transmitted to humans as subclinical TSE or clinical disease, and we do not know if they have or will transmit second, third, forth passage via friendly fire i.e. multiple potential routes via medical, surgical, pharmaceutical etc.<br /><br />IF you remember correctly Dr. Freas et al, i called this long ago, almost 6 years ago ;<br /><br />PDF]Freas, William TSS SUBMISSION<br /><br />File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat -<br /><br />Page 1. J Freas, William From: Sent: To: Subject: Terry S. Singeltary<br /><br />Sr. [flounder@wt.net] Monday, January 08,200l 3:03 PM freas ...<br /><br />Freas, William<br /><br />From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr. [flounder@wt.net]<br /><br />Sent: Monday, January 08,200l 3:03 PM<br /><br />To: freas@CBS5055530.CBER.FDA.GOV<br /><br />Subject: CJDIBSE (aka madcow) Human/Animal TSE’s--U.S.--Submission To Scientific Advisors and<br /><br />Consultants Staff January 2001 Meeting (short version)<br /><br />Greetings again Dr. Freas and Committee Members,<br /><br />I wish to submit the following information to the<br /><br />Scientific Advisors and Consultants Staff<br /><br />2001 Advisory Committee (short version).<br /><br />I understand the reason of having to shorten my submission,<br /><br />but only hope that you add it to a copy of the long version,<br /><br />for members to take and read at their pleasure,<br /><br />(if cost is problem, bill me, address below).<br /><br />So when they realize some time in the near future<br /><br />of the 'real' risks i speak of from human/animal TSEs and<br /><br />blood/surgical products. I cannot explain the 'real' risk<br /><br />of this in 5 or 10 minutes at some meeting,<br /><br />but will attempt here:<br /><br />remember AIDS/HIV, 'no problem to heterosexuals in the U.S.?<br /><br />no need to go into that, you know of this blunder:<br /><br />DO NOT make these same stupid mistakes again with<br /><br />human/animal TSE's aka MADCOW DISEASE. I lost my Mom to hvCJD,<br /><br />and my neighbor lost his Mother to sCJD as well (both cases<br /><br />confirmed). I have seen many deaths, from many diseases.<br /><br />I have never seen anything as CJD, I still see my Mom laying helpless,<br /><br />jerking tremendously, and screaming "God, what's wrong<br /><br />with me, why can't I stop this". I still see this, and will<br /><br />never forget. Approximately 10 weeks from 1st of symptoms to death.<br /><br />This is what drives me. I have learned more in 3 years about not only<br /><br />human/animal TSE's but the cattle/rendering/feeding industry/government<br /><br />than i ever wished to.<br /><br />I think you are all aware of CJD vs vCJD, but i don't think<br /><br />you all know the facts of human/animal TSE's as a whole,<br /><br />they are all very very similar, and are all tied to the<br /><br />same thing, GREED and MAN.<br /><br />I am beginning to think that the endless attempt to track<br /><br />down and ban, potential victims from known BSE Countries<br /><br />from giving blood will be futile. You would have to ban<br /><br />everyone on the Globe eventually? AS well, I think we<br /><br />MUST ACT SWIFTLY to find blood test for TSE's,<br /><br />whether it be blood test, urine test, eyelid test,<br /><br />anything at whatever cost, we need a test FAST.<br /><br />DO NOT let the incubation time period of these TSEs fool you.<br /><br />To think of Scrapie as the prime agent to compare CJD,<br /><br />but yet overlook the Louping-ill vaccine event in 1930's<br /><br />of which 1000's of sheep where infected by scrapie<br /><br />from a vaccine made of scrapie infected sheep brains,<br /><br />would be foolish. I acquired this full text version of the<br /><br />event which was recorded in the Annual Congress of 1946<br /><br />National Vet. Med. Ass. of Great Britain and Ireland.<br /><br />From the BVA and the URL is posted in my (long version).<br /><br />U.S.A. should make all human/animal TSE's notifiable at all ages,<br /><br />with requirements for a thorough surveillance and post-mortem<br /><br />examinations free of charge, if you are serious about eradicating<br /><br />this horrible disease in man and animal.<br /><br />There is histopathology reports describing "florid plaques"<br /><br />in CJD victims in the USA and some of these victims are getting<br /><br />younger. I have copies of such autopsies, there has to<br /><br />be more. PLUS, sub-clinical human TSE's will most definitely<br /><br />be a problem.<br /><br />THEN think of vaccineCJD in children and the bovine tissues<br /><br />used in the manufacturing process, think of the FACT that<br /><br />this agent surviving 6OO*C.<br /><br />PNAS -- Brown et al. 97 (7): 3418 scrapie agent live at 600*C<br /><br />Then think of the CONFIDENTIAL documents of what was known of<br /><br />human/animal TSE and vaccines in the mid to late 8Os, it was all about<br /><br />depletion of stock, to hell with the kids, BUT yet they knew.<br /><br />To think of the recall and worry of TSE's from the polio vaccine,<br /><br />(one taken orally i think?), but yet neglect to act on the<br /><br />other potential TSE vaccines (inoculations, the most effective mode to<br /><br />transmit TSEs) of which thousands of doses were kept and used,<br /><br />to deplete stockpile, again would be foolish.<br /><br />--Oral polio; up to 1988, foetal calf serum was used from UK and<br /><br />New Zealand (pooled); since 1988 foetal calf serum only from New<br /><br />Zealand. Large stocks are held.<br /><br />--Rubella; bulk was made before 1979 from foetal calf serum from UK<br /><br />and New Zealand. None has been made as there are some 15 years stock.<br /><br />--Diphtheria; UK bovine beef muscle and ox heart is used but since the<br /><br />end of 1988 this has been sourced from Eire. There are 1,250 litres of<br /><br />stock.<br /><br />. .<br /><br />--Tetanus; this involves bovine material from the UK mainly Scottish.<br /><br />There are 21,000 litres of stock.<br /><br />--Pertussis; uses bovine material from the UK. There are 63,000 litres<br /><br />of stock.<br /><br />--They consider that to switch to a non-UK source will take a minimum of<br /><br />6-18 months and to switch to a non-bovine source will take a minimum of<br /><br />five years.<br /><br />3. XXXXXXXXXXX have measles, mumps, MMR, rubella vaccines. These<br /><br />are sourced from the USA and the company believes that US material only<br /><br />is used.<br /><br />89/2.14/2.1<br /><br />============<br /><br />BSE3/1 0251<br /><br />4. XXXXXXXXXXX have a measles vaccine using bovine serum from the UK.<br /><br />there are 440,000 units of stock. They have also got MMR using bovine<br /><br />serum from the UK.<br /><br />5. XXXXXXXXXXX have influenza, rubella, measles,' MMR vaccines<br /><br />likely to be used in children. Of those they think that only MMR<br /><br />contains bovine material which is probably a French origin.<br /><br />6. XXXXXXXXXXX have diphtheria/tetanus and potasses on clinical trial.<br /><br />hese use veal material, some of which has come from the UK and has been<br /><br />ade by XXXXXXXXXXX (see above).<br /><br />I have documents of imports from known BSE Countries,<br /><br />of ferments, whole blood, antiallergenic preparations,<br /><br />2<br /><br />human blood plasma, normal human blood sera, human immune<br /><br />blood sera, fetal bovine serum, and other blood fractions<br /><br />not elsewhere specified or included, imported glands,<br /><br />catgut, vaccines for both human/animal, as late as 1998.<br /><br />Let us not forget about PITUITARY EXTRACT. This was used to help COWS<br /><br />super ovulate. This tissue was considered to be of greatest risk of<br /><br />containing BSE and consequently transmitting the disease.<br /><br />ANNEX 6<br /><br />MEETING HELD ON 8 JUNE 1988 TO DISCUSS THE IMPLICATIONS OF BSE TO<br /><br />BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING BOVINE - EXTRACTED MATERIAL<br /><br />How much of this was used in the U.S.?<br /><br />Please do not keep making the same mistakes.<br /><br />'Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence'.<br /><br />What are the U.S. rules for importing and manufacturing vaccines,<br /><br />medicines and medical devices?<br /><br />Does the U.S.A. allow sourcing of raw material of ruminants from<br /><br />the U.S.A.?<br /><br />U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you give for serum or<br /><br />tissue donor herds.?<br /><br />The U.S. rendering system would easily amplify T.S.E.'s:<br /><br />Have we increased the stability of the system (improved heat treatments)<br /><br />since the EU SSC report on the U.S.A. was published<br /><br />in july 2000?<br /><br />What is done to avoid cross-contaminations in the U.S.A.?<br /><br />How can the U.S. control absence of cross-contaminations of animal<br /><br />TSE's when pig and horse MBM and even deer and elk are allowed in<br /><br />ruminant feed, as well as bovine blood? I sadly think of the rendering<br /><br />and feeding policy before the Aug. 4, 1997 'partial'<br /><br />feed ban, where anything went, from the city police horse, to the circus<br /><br />elephant, i will not mention all the scrapie infected sheep.<br /><br />I am surprised that we have not included man 'aka soyent green'.<br /><br />It is a disgusting industry and nothing more than greed fuels it.<br /><br />When will the U.S.. start real surveillance of the U.S. bovine<br /><br />population (not passive, this will not work)?<br /><br />When will U.S. start removing SRMs?<br /><br />Have they stopped the use of pneumatic stunners in the U.S.?<br /><br />If so, will we stop it in all U.S. abattoirs or only in those<br /><br />abattoirs exporting to Europe?<br /><br />If not, WHY NOT?<br /><br />same questions for removal of SRM in the U.S.A.,<br /><br />or just for export?<br /><br />If not, WHY NOT?<br /><br />How do we now sterilize surgical/dental instruments in the U.S.A.?<br /><br />Where have we been sourcing surgical catgut?<br /><br />(i have copies of imports to U.S., and it would floor you)<br /><br />When will re-usable surgical instruments be banned?<br /><br />'Unregulated "foods" such as 'nutritional supplements' containing various<br /><br />extracts from ruminants, whether imported or derived from<br /><br />US cattle/sheep/cervids ("antler velvet" extracts!) should be<br /><br />forbidden or at least very seriously regulated.<br /><br />(neighbors Mom, whom also died from CJD, had been taking<br /><br />bovine based supplement, which contained brain, eye, and many<br /><br />other bovine/ovine tissues for years, 'IPLEX').<br /><br />What is the use of banning blood or tissue donors from Germany, France,<br /><br />etc... when the U.S.A. continues exposing cattle, sheep and people to<br /><br />SRM, refuses to have a serious feed ban, refuses<br /><br />to do systematic BSE-surveillance?<br /><br />The FDA should feel responsible for the safety of what people eat.<br /><br />prohibit the most dangerous foods, not only prohibit a few more donors,<br /><br />the FDA should be responsible for the safe sourcing of medical devices,<br /><br />not only rely on banning donors "from Europe",<br /><br />The 'real' risks are here in the U.S. as well, and have been for some<br /><br />time.<br /><br />We must not forget the studies that have proven<br /><br />infectivity in blood from TSE's.<br /><br />The Lancet, November 9, 1985<br /><br />" Sir, --Professor Manuelidis and his colleagues (Ott 19, p896) report<br /><br />transmission to animals of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) from the<br /><br />buffy coat from two patients. We also transmitted the disease from ,<br /><br />whole blood samples of a patient (and of mice) infected with CJD.l<br /><br />Brain, Cornea, and urine from this patient were also infectious,<br /><br />and the clinicopathological findings2 are summarised as follows.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />full text ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Greetings again Dr. Freas et al at FDA,<br /><br />NOW, here we are in 2006, worried and still fumbling around with what should have been done long, long ago ;<br /><br />Subject: 91ST MEETING OF THE SEAC MEETING LONDON 24TH FEB 2006 Date: March 10, 2006 at 7:36 am PST 1<br /><br />© SEAC 2006<br /><br />NINETY FIRST MEETING OF THE SPONGIFORM<br /><br />ENCEPHALOPATHY ADVISORY COMMITTEE<br /><br />The Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee held its 91st<br /><br />meeting in London on 24th February 2006.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />MEDICAL IMPLANTS CONTAINING BOVINE MATERIAL<br /><br />SEAC considered the risk to human health from medical implants<br /><br />that include bovine material sourced from the USA. This material<br /><br />was used for a wide range of medical devices, some of which are<br /><br />life saving and for which there are no alternative products.<br /><br />SEAC considered that the source of the animal was crucial to<br /><br />manage the risk. The committee suggested that other<br /><br />precautionary steps be taken where practicable, such as using<br /><br />material from young animals, sourcing material from countries with<br /><br />good surveillance procedures and a low prevalence of disease. ......<br /><br />snip...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/final90.pdf">http://www.seac.gov.uk/minutes/final90.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />A BIT OF HISTORY ON THIS TOPIC<br /><br />TWA LITTLE minute<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/10001001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/10001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/13010001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/13010001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/14006001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/14006001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />COMMERCIAL IN CONFIDENCE<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/06005001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/06005001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/06005001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/06005001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />NOT FOR PUBLICATION<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/11/01012001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/11/01012001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/yb/1988/11/04003001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/yb/1988/11/04003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/04/00007001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/04/00007001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/07/00007001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/07/00007001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/00004001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/09/00004001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/00003001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/10/00003001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/04001001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/04001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/26007001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/26007001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30001001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30001001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/09/06011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/09/06011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />NON-LICENSED HUMAN TISSUE DEVICES WERE NOT COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />I was quite prepared to believe in unofficial pituitary hormones, also in the 1970's, whether as described by Dr. Little, or in other circumstances, for animal use.<br /><br />snip...<br /><br />The fact that there were jars of pituitaries (or extract) around on shelves is attested by the still potent 1943 pituitaries, described in Stockell Hartree et al. (J/RF/17/291) which had come from the lab. at Mill Hill. Having taken the trouble to collect them, they were not lightly thrown out...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s467bx.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s467bx.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />more on the 1968 medicine act, they forgot to follow<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30008001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/01/30008001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />8. The Secretary of State has a number of licences. We understand that the inactivated polio vaccine is no longer being used. There is a stock of smallpox vaccine. We have not been able to determine the source material. (Made in sheep very unlikely to contain bovine ingredients).<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/14010001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/14010001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/14011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/14011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />although 176 products do _not_ conform to the CSM/VPC guidelines.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/09/06011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/09/06011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Draft cover letter to product licence holders (considered by Human and Vet Medicines including deer)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22008001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22008001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1989/02/22011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />(It was noted with concern that hormone extracts could be manufactured by a veterinary surgeon for administration to animals under his care without any Medicines Act Control.)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/08011001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/07010001.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1988/06/07010001.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />TWA LITTLE STATEMENT 331<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s331.pdf">http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ws/s331.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />WE know about USA serum and tissue donor herds from the now infamous<br /><br />Jan. 9, 2001 FDA emergency 50 state BSE conference call, that in fact, USA serum<br /><br />and tissue donor herds were eating banned ruminant feed as well ;<br /><br />Date: Sun, 7 Jan 2001 09:45:19 -0800 Reply-To: Sustainable Agriculture Network Discussion Group <[log in to unmask]> Sender: Sustainable Agriculture Network Discussion Group <[log in to unmask]> From: Beth von Gunten <[log in to unmask]> Subject: [BSE] FDA/IMPORTANT NOTICE: 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL<br /><br />IMPORTANT NOTICE: 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL - BSE<br /><br />TUESDAY, JANUARY 9, 2001 1:00-2:00 PM EST CALL: 1-888-273-9887<br /><br />A special "50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL" to discuss BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) issues for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulated animal feed products in the United States and imported animal feeds. The conference call will discuss the FDA proposed response to the current BSE issue and the assistance needed from state feed and agriculture programs. THIS ISSUE MAY IMPACT ALL STATES AND ALL ANIMAL FEED AND PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES.<br /><br />The 50 State call is scheduled for Tuesday, January 9, 2001 from 1:00-2:00 pm EST. Any state agency responsible for animal feed issues wishing to participate should call 1-888-273-9887 and ask to be connected to the "50 State BSE Call". The conference host operator will explain how to participate, including asking questions during the call. If possible, please coordinate within your state to utilize only one phone line per state agency.<br /><br />We request that you forward this message to your agency management and feed coordinators or other agencies or departments who may be responsible for any animal feed issues related to FDA regulated products.<br /><br />The agenda will be as follows:<br /><br />1. Center For Veterinary Medicine (FDA) - Discussion of the problem related to BSE events in Europe and the impact on US feed ingredients for animals and feed operations. Discussion of the proposed actions/inspections/compliance of licensed and unlicensed feed mills, commercial feed manufacturers, animal feed imports, renderer's, protein blenders, on-farm mixers, and ruminant feeders.<br /><br />2. Office of Regional Operations (FDA) - Discussion of contracting/working with states to inspect the universe of feed mills/industry for "Animal Proteins Prohibited from Use in Animal Feed". Discussion of working with FDA field offices.<br /><br />3. Questions and answers.<br /><br />Richard H. Barnes, Director Division of Federal-State Relations (HFC-150) 5600 Fishers Lane Room 1207 Rockville, Md. 20857 ph: (301) 827-6906 FAX: (301) 443-2143 Email: [log in to unmask]<br /><br /><a href="http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0101&L=sanet-mg&P=13410">http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0101&L=sanet-mg&P=13410</a><br /><br />Subject: BSE--U.S. 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001<br />Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2001 16:49:00 -0800<br />From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." Reply-<br />To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy<br />To: <a href="mailto:BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de">BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de</a><br /><br />######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########<br /><br />Greetings List Members, I was lucky enough to sit in on this BSE conference call today and even managed to ask a question. that is when the trouble started. I submitted a version of my notes to Sandra Blakeslee of the New York Times, whom seemed very upset, and rightly so. "They tell me it is a closed meeting and they will release whatever information they deem fit. Rather infuriating." and i would have been doing just fine, until i asked my question. i was surprised my time to ask a question so quick. (understand, these are taken from my notes for now. the spelling of names and such could be off.)<br /><br />[host Richard Barns] and now a question from Terry S. Singeltary of CJD Watch.<br /><br />[TSS] yes, thank you, U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you give for serum or tissue donor herds? [no answer, you could hear in the back ground, mumbling and 'we can't. have him ask the question again.]<br /><br />[host Richard] could you repeat the question?<br /><br />[TSS] U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you give for serum or tissue donor herds?<br /><br />[not sure whom ask this] what group are you with?<br /><br />[TSS] CJD Watch, my Mom died from hvCJD and we are tracking CJD world-wide.<br /><br />[not sure who is speaking] could you please disconnect Mr. Singeltary<br /><br />[TSS] you are not going to answer my question?<br /><br />[not sure whom speaking] NO from this point, i was still connected, got to listen and tape the whole conference. at one point someone came on, a woman, and ask again;<br /><br />[unknown woman] what group are you with?<br /><br />[TSS] CJD Watch and my Mom died from hvCJD we are trying to tract down CJD and other human TSE's world wide. i was invited to sit in on this from someone inside the USDA/APHIS and that is why i am here. do you intend on banning me from this conference now? at this point the conference was turned back up, and i got to finish listening. They never answered or even addressed my one question, or even addressed the issue. BUT, i will try and give you a run-down for now, of the conference. IF i were another Country, I would take heed to my notes, BUT PLEASE do not depend on them. ask for transcript from; RBARNS@ORA.FDA.GOV 301-827-6906 he would be glad to give you one ;-)<br /><br />Rockville Maryland, Richard Barns Host BSE issues in the U.S., How they were labelling ruminant feed? Revising issues. The conference opened up with the explaining of the U.K. BSE epidemic winding down with about 30 cases a week. although new cases in other countries were now appearing. Look at Germany whom said NO BSE and now have BSE. BSE increasing across Europe. Because of Temporary Ban on certain rendered product, heightened interest in U.S. A recent statement in Washington Post, said the New Administration (old GW) has a list of issues. BSE is one of the issues. BSE Risk is still low, minimal in U.S. with a greater interest in MBM not to enter U.S. HOWEVER, if BSE were to enter the U.S. it would be economically disastrous to the render, feed, cattle, industries, and for human health. (human health-they just threw that in cause i was listening. I will now jot down some figures in which they told you, 'no need to write them down'. just hope i have them correct. hmmm, maybe i hope i don't ???) 80% inspection of rendering *Problem-Complete coverage of rendering HAS NOT occurred. sizeable number of 1st time FAILED INITIAL INSPECTION, have not been reinspected (70% to 80%). Compliance critical, Compliance poor in U.K. and other European Firms. Gloria Dunason Major Assignment 1998 goal TOTAL compliance. This _did not_ occur. Mixed level of compliance, depending on firm. Rendering FDA license and NON FDA license system in place for home rendering & feed 76% in compliance 79% cross contamination 21% DID NOT have system 92% record keeping less than 60% total compliance 279 inspectors 185 handling pr hibited materials Renderer at top of pyramid, significant part of compliance. 84% compliance failed to have caution statement render 72% compliance & cross contamination caution statement on feed, 'DO NOT FEED TO CATTLE' 56 FIRMS NEVER INSPECTED 1240 FDA license feed mills 846 inspected "close to 400 feed mills have not been inspected" 80% compliance for feed. 10% don't have system. NON-FDA licensed mills There is NO inventory on non licensed mills. approximately 6000 to 8000 Firms ??? 4,344 ever inspected. "FDA does not have a lot of experience with" 40% do NOT have caution statement 'DO NOT FEED'. 74% Commingling compliance "This industry needs a lot of work and only half gotten to" "700 Firms that were falitive, and need to be re-inspected, in addition to the 8,000 Firms." Quote to do BSE inspection in 19 states by end of January or 30 days, and other states 60 days. to change feed status??? Contract check and ask questions and pass info. At this time, we will take questions.<br /><br />[I was about the third or fourth to ask question. then all B.S.eee broke loose, and i lost my train of thought for a few minutes. picked back up here]<br /><br />someone asking about nutritional supplements and sourcing, did not get name. something about inspectors not knowing of BSE risk??? the conference person assuring that Steve Follum? and the TSE advisory Committee were handling that. Some other Dr. Vet, whom were asking questions that did not know what to do???<br /><br />[Dennis Wilson] California Food Agr. Imports, are they looking at imports?<br /><br />[Conference person] they are looking at imports, FDA issued imports Bulletin.<br /><br />[Linda Singeltary ??? this was a another phone in question, not related i don't think] Why do we have non-licensed facilities?<br /><br />(conference person) other feed mills do not handle as potent drugs??? Dennis Blank, Ken Jackson licensed 400 non FDA 4400 inspected of a total of 6000 to 8000, (they really don't know how many non licensed Firms in U.S. they guess 6000 to 8000??? TSS)<br /><br />Linda Detwiler asking everyone (me) not to use emergency BSE number, unless last resort. (i thought of calling them today, and reporting the whole damn U.S. cattle herd ;-) 'not' Warren-Maryland Dept. Agr. Prudent to re-inspect after 3 years. concerned of Firms that have changed owners. THE END TSS<br /><br />############ http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ############<br /><br /><br />FROM New York TIMES<br />Subject: Re: BSE 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL thread from BSE List and FDA Posting of cut version...<br />Date: Thu, 11 Jan 2001 22:02:47 -0700<br />From: "Sandy Blakeslee" To: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." References: 1<br /><br />Hi terry -- thanks for all your help. I know it made a difference with the FDA getting out that release.<br /><br />----- Original Message -----<br />From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."<br />To:<br />Sent: Thursday, January 11, 2001 2:06 PM<br />Subject: BSE 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL thread from BSE List and FDA<br /><br />----- Original Message -----<br />From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."<br />To:<br />Sent: Thursday, January 11, 2001 2:06 PM<br />Subject: BSE 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL thread from BSE List and FDA<br /><br />> hi sandy,<br />>From the New York Times NYTimes.com, January 11, 2001<br /><br />Many Makers of Feed Fail to Heed Rules on Mad Cow Disease<br /><br />By SANDRA BLAKESLEE<br /><br />Large numbers of companies involved in manufacturing animal feed are not complying with regulations meant to prevent the emergence and spread of mad cow disease in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration said yesterday. The widespread failure of companies to follow the regulations, adopted in August 1997, does not mean that the American food supply is unsafe, Dr. Stephen Sundlof, director of the Center for Veterinary Medicine at the F.D.A., said in an interview. But much more needs to be done to ensure that mad cow disease does not arise in this country, Dr. Sundlof said. The regulations state that feed manufacturers and companies that render slaughtered animals into useful products generally may not feed mammals to cud-chewing animals, or ruminants, which can carry mad cow disease. All products that contain rendered cattle or sheep must have a label that says, "Do not feed to ruminants," Dr. Sundlof said. Manufacturers must also have a system to prevent ruminant products from being commingled with other rendered material like that from chicken, fish or pork. Finally, all companies must keep records of where their products originated and where they were sold. Under the regulations, F.D.A. district offices and state veterinary offices were required to inspect all rendering plants and feed mills to make sure companies complied. But results issued yesterday demonstrate that more than three years later, different segments of the feed industry show varying levels of compliance. Among 180 large companies that render cattle and another ruminant, sheep, nearly a quarter were not properly labeling their products and did not have a system to prevent commingling, the F.D.A. said. And among 347 F.D.A.-licensed feed mills that handle ruminant materials - these tend to be large operators that mix drugs into their products - 20 percent were not using labels with the required caution statement, and 25 percent did not have a system to prevent commingling. Then there are some 6,000 to 8,000 feed mills so small they do not require F.D.A. licenses. They are nonetheless subject to the regulations, and of 1,593 small feed producers that handle ruminant material and have been inspected, 40 percent were not using approved labels and 25 percent had no system in place to prevent commingling. On the other hand, fewer than 10 percent of companies, big and small, were failing to comply with the record-keeping regulations. The American Feed Industry Association in Arlington, Va., did not return phone calls seeking comment.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/11/science/11COW.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/11/science/11COW.html</a><br /><br />Subject: USDA/APHIS response to BSE-L--U.S. 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001 Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2001 14:04:21 -0500<br />From: "Gomez, Thomas M."<br />Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy<br />To: <a href="mailto:BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de">BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de</a><br /><br />######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########<br /><br />USDA/APHIS would like to provide clarification on the following point from Mr. Singeltary's 9 Jan posting regarding the 50 state conference call. [Linda Detwiler asking everyone (me) not to use emergency BSE number, unless last resort. (i thought of calling them today, and reporting the whole damn U.S. cattle herd ;-) 'not'] Dr. Detwiler was responding to an announcement made during the call to use the FDA emergency number if anyone wanted to report a cow with signs suspect for BSE. Mr. Singeltary is correct that Dr. Detwiler asked participants to use the FDA emergency number as a last resort to report cattle suspect for BSE. What Mr. Singeltary failed to do was provide the List with Dr. Detwiler's entire statement. Surveillance for BSE in the United States is a cooperative effort between states, producers, private veterinarians, veterinary hospitals and the USDA. The system has been in place or over 10 years. Each state has a system in place wherein cases are reported to either the State Veterinarian, the federal Veterinarian in Charge or through the veterinary diagnostic laboratory system. The states also have provisions with emergency numbers. Dr. Detwiler asked participants to use the systems currently in place to avoid the possibility of a BSE-suspect report falling through the cracks. Use of the FDA emergency number has not been established as a means to report diseased cattle of any nature.<br /><br />############ http://mailhost.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/warc/bse-l.html ############<br /><br />Subject: Re: USDA/APHIS response to BSE-L--U.S. 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL Jan.9, 2001<br />Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2001 13:44:49 -0800<br />From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."<br />Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy<br />To: BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de References: 1<br /><br />######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########<br /><br />Hello Mr. Thomas,<br /><br />> What Mr. Singeltary failed to do was provide<br />> the List with Dr. Detwiler's entire statement.<br /><br />would you and the USDA/APHIS be so kind as to supply this list with a full text version of the conference call and or post on your web-site? if so when, and thank you. if not, why not?<br /><br />> The system has been in place for over 10 years.<br /><br />that seems to be a very long time for a system to be in place, and only test 10,700 cattle from some 1.5 BILLION head (including calf crop). Especially since French are testing some 20,000 weekly and the E.U. as a whole, are testing many many more than the U.S., with less cattle, same risk of BSE/TSEs. Why does the U.S. insist on not doing massive testing with the tests which the E.U. are using? Why is this, please explain? Please tell me why my question was not answered?<br /><br />> U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you<br />> give for serum or tissue donor herds?<br /><br />It was a very simple question, a very important question, one that pertained to the topic of BSE/feed, and asked in a very diplomatic way. why was it not answered? If all these years, we have been hearing that pharmaceutical grade bovines were raised for pharmaceuticals vaccines etc. But yet the USA cannot comply with feed regulations of the ruminant feed ban, PLUS cannot even comply with the proper labelling of the feed, cross contamination etc. Then how in the world can you Guarantee the feed fed to pharmaceutical grade bovine, were actually non ruminant feed? Before i was ask to be 'disconnected', i did hear someone in the background say 'we can't'-- have him ask the question again. could you please be so kind, as to answer these questions?<br /><br />thank you,<br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Bacliff, Texas USA<br /><br />P.S. if you will also notice, i did not post that emergency phone number and do not intend on passing it on to anyone. I was joking when i said i should call and report the whole damn U.S. Herd. So please pass that on to Dr. Detwiler, so she can rest easily. BUT, they should be reported, some are infected with TSE. The U.S. is just acting as stupid as Germany and other Countries that insist they are free of BSE. TSS<br /><br />Subject: Report on the assessment of the Georgraphical BSE-risk of the USA July 2000 (not good)<br />Date: Wed, 17 Jan 2001 21:23:51 -0800<br />From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."<br />Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy<br />To: <a href="mailto:BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de">BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de</a><br /><br />######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy #########<br /><br />Greetings List Members and ALL EU Countries, Because of this report, and the recent findings of the 50-state BSE Conference call, I respectfully seriously suggest that these Countries and the SSC re-evaluate the U.S.A. G.B.R. to a risk factor of #3.<br /><br />snip... Terry S. Singeltary Sr., P.O. Box 42, Bacliff, Texas USA 77518<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Jan03/012403/8004be07.html">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Jan03/012403/8004be07.html</a><br /><br />CVM Update<?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = Confidential /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"> Sender: Sustainable Agriculture Network Discussion Group <[log in to unmask]> From: Beth von Gunten <[log in to unmask]> Subject: [BSE] FDA/IMPORTANT NOTICE: 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL<br /><br />IMPORTANT NOTICE: 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL - BSE<br /><br />TUESDAY, JANUARY 9, 2001 1:00-2:00 PM EST CALL: 1-888-273-9887<br /><br />A special "50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL" to discuss BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) issues for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulated animal feed products in the United States and imported animal feeds. The conference call will discuss the FDA proposed response to the current BSE issue and the assistance needed from state feed and agriculture programs. THIS ISSUE MAY IMPACT ALL STATES AND ALL ANIMAL FEED AND PRODUCTION INDUSTRIES.<br /><br />The 50 State call is scheduled for Tuesday, January 9, 2001 from 1:00-2:00 pm EST. Any state agency responsible for animal feed issues wishing to participate should call 1-888-273-9887 and ask to be connected to the "50 State BSE Call". The conference host operator will explain how to participate, including asking questions during the call. If possible, please coordinate within your state to utilize only one phone line per state agency.<br /><br />We request that you forward this message to your agency management and feed coordinators or other agencies or departments who may be responsible for any animal feed issues related to FDA regulated products.<br /><br />The agenda will be as follows:<br /><br />1. Center For Veterinary Medicine (FDA) - Discussion of the problem related to BSE events in Europe and the impact on US feed ingredients for animals and feed operations. Discussion of the proposed actions/inspections/compliance of licensed and unlicensed feed mills, commercial feed manufacturers, animal feed imports, renderer's, protein blenders, on-farm mixers, and ruminant feeders.<br /><br />2. Office of Regional Operations (FDA) - Discussion of contracting/working with states to inspect the universe of feed mills/industry for "Animal Proteins Prohibited from Use in Animal Feed". Discussion of working with FDA field offices.<br /><br />3. Questions and answers.<br /><br />Richard H. Barnes, Director Division of Federal-State Relations (HFC-150) 5600 Fishers Lane Room 1207 Rockville, Md. 20857 ph: (301) 827-6906 FAX: (301) 443-2143 Email: [log in to unmask] </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"><a href="http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0101&L=sanet-mg&P=13410">http://lists.ifas.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0101&L=sanet-mg&P=13410</a> </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">Subject: BSE--U.S. 50 STATE CONFERENCE CALL Jan. 9, 2001 </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2001 16:49:00 -0800 </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">To: <a href="mailto:BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de">BSE-L@uni-karlsruhe.de</a> </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">######### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ######### </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">Greetings List Members, I was lucky enough to sit in on this BSE conference call today and even managed to ask a question. that is when the trouble started. I submitted a version of my notes to Sandra Blakeslee of the New York Times, whom seemed very upset, and rightly so. "They tell me it is a closed meeting and they will release whatever information they deem fit. Rather infuriating." and i would have been doing just fine, until i asked my question. i was surprised my time to ask a question so quick. (understand, these are taken from my notes for now. the spelling of names and such could be off.) </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[host Richard Barns] and now a question from Terry S. Singeltary of CJD Watch. </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[TSS] yes, thank you, U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you give for serum or tissue donor herds?</confidential:budget:><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"> </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[no answer, you could hear in the back ground, mumbling and 'we can't. have him ask the question again.] </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[host Richard] could you repeat the question? </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[TSS] U.S. cattle, what kind of guarantee can you give for serum or tissue donor herds? </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[not sure whom ask this] what group are you with?</confidential:budget:><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"> </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[TSS] CJD Watch, my Mom died from hvCJD and we are tracking CJD world-wide. </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[not sure who is speaking] could you please disconnect Mr. Singeltary </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[TSS] you are not going to answer my question? </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[not sure whom speaking] NO from this point, i was still connected, got to listen and tape the whole conference. at one point someone came on, a woman, and ask again; </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[unknown woman] what group are you with? </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">[TSS] CJD Watch and my Mom died from hvCJD we are trying to tract down CJD and other human TSE's world wide. i was invited to sit in on this from someone inside the USDA/APHIS and that is why i am here. do you intend on banning me from this conference now? at this point the conference was turned back up, and i got to finish listening. They never answered or even addressed my one question, or even addressed the issue. BUT, i will try and give you a run-down for now, of the conference. IF i were another Countr y, I would take heed to my notes, BUT PLEASE do not depend on them. ask for transcript from; RBARNS@ORA.FDA.GOV 301-827-6906 he would be glad to give you one ;-) </confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">snip...</confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">full text ;</confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"><a href="http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/DOCKETS/96n0417/96N-0417-EC-2.htm">http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/DOCKETS/96n0417/96N-0417-EC-2.htm</a></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"><a href="http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/AC/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/AC/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf</a></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:><br /><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825">Volume 12, Number 12–December 2006 </confidential:budget:><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"><br /></confidential:budget:><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"><br /><br />PERSPECTIVE<br /><br />On the Question of Sporadic<br /><br />or Atypical Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy and<br /><br />Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease<br /><br />Paul Brown,* Lisa M. McShane,† Gianluigi Zanusso,‡ and Linda Detwiler§<br /><br />Strategies to investigate the possible existence of sporadic<br /><br />bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) require<br /><br />systematic testing programs to identify cases in countries<br /><br />considered to have little or no risk for orally acquired disease,<br /><br />or to detect a stable occurrence of atypical cases in<br /><br />countries in which orally acquired disease is disappearing.<br /><br />To achieve 95% statistical confidence that the prevalence<br /><br />of sporadic BSE is no greater than 1 per million (i.e., the<br /><br />annual incidence of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease<br /><br />[CJD] in humans) would require negative tests in 3 million<br /><br />randomly selected older cattle. A link between BSE and<br /><br />sporadic CJD has been suggested on the basis of laboratory<br /><br />studies but is unsupported by epidemiologic observation.<br /><br />Such a link might yet be established by the discovery<br /><br />of a specific molecular marker or of particular combinations<br /><br />of trends over time of typical and atypical BSE and various<br /><br />subtypes of sporadic CJD, as their numbers are influenced<br /><br />by a continuation of current public health measures that<br /><br />exclude high-risk bovine tissues from the animal and<br /><br />human food chains.<br /><br />SNIP...<br /><br />Sporadic CJD The possibility that at least some cases of apparently sporadic CJD might be due to infection by sporadic cases of BSE cannot be dismissed outright. Screening programs needed to identify sporadic BSE have yet to be implemented, and we know from already extant testing programs that at least a proportion of infected animals have no symptoms and thus would never be identified in the absence of systematic testing. Thus, sporadic BSE (or for that matter, sporadic disease in any mammalian species) might be occurring on a regular basis at perhaps the same annual frequency as sporadic CJD in humans, that is, in the range of 1 case per million animals.<br /><br />Whether humans might be more susceptible to atypical forms of BSE cannot be answered at this time. Experimentally transmitted BASE shows shorter incubation periods than BSE in at least 1 breed of cattle, bovinized transgenic mice, and Cynomolgus monkeys (12,13). In humanized transgenic mice, BASE transmitted, whereas typical BSE did not transmit (13). Paradoxically, the other major phenotype (H) showed an unusually long incubation period in bovinized transgenic mice (12).<br /><br />The limited experimental evidence bearing on a possible relationship between BSE and sporadic CJD is difficult to interpret. The original atypical BASE strain of BSE had a molecular protein signature very similar to that of 1 subtype (type 2 M/V) of sporadic CJD in humans (5). In another study, a strain of typical BSE injected into humanized mice encoding valine at codon 129 showed a glycopattern indistinguishable from the same subtype of sporadic CJD (15). In a third study, the glycopatterns of both the H and L strains of atypical BSE evidently did not resemble any of the known sporadic CJD subtypes (12).<br /><br />To these molecular biology observations can be added the epidemiologic data accumulated during the past 30 years. The hypothesis that at least some cases of apparently sporadic CJD are due to unrecognized BSE infections cannot be formally refuted, but if correct, we might expect by now to have some epidemiologic evidence linking BSE to at least 1 cluster of apparently sporadic cases of CJD. Although only a few clusters have been found (and still fewer published), every proposed cluster that has been investigated has failed to show any common exposure to bovines. For that matter, no common exposure has been shown to any environmental vehicles of infection, including the consumption of foodstuffs from bovine, ovine, and porcine sources, the 3 livestock species known to be susceptible to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Additional negative evidence comes from several large case-control studies in which no statistically significant dietary differences were observed between patients with sporadic CJD and controls (16,17).<br /><br />On the other hand, the difficulty of establishing a link between BSE and CJD may be compounded by our ignorance of the infectious parameters of a sporadic form of BSE (e.g., host range, tissue distribution of infectivity, route of transmission, minimum infectious dose for humans, whether single or multiple). Presumably, these parameters would resemble those of variant CJD; that is, high infectivity central nervous system and lymphoreticular tissues of an infected cow find their way into products consumed by humans. Transmissions that might have occurred in the past would be difficult to detect because meat products are generally not distributed in a way that results in detectable geographic clusters.<br /><br />Barring the discovery of a specific molecular signature (as in variant CJD), the most convincing clue to an association will come from the observation of trends over time of the incidence of typical and atypical BSE and of sporadic and variant CJD. With 4 diseases, each of which could have increasing, unchanging, or decreasing trends, there could be 81 (34) possible different combinations. However, it is highly likely that the trends for typical BSE and variant CJD will both decrease in parallel as feed bans continue to interrupt recycled contamination. The remaining combinations are thus reduced to 9 (32), and some of them could be highly informative.<br /><br />For example, if the incidence of atypical BSE declines in parallel with that of typical BSE, its candidacy as a sporadic form of disease would be eliminated (because sporadic disease would not be influenced by current measures to prevent oral infection). If, on the other hand, atypical BSE continues to occur as typical BSE disappears, this would be a strong indication that it is indeed sporadic, and if in addition at least 1 form of what is presently considered as sporadic CJD (such as the type 2 M/V subtype shown to have a Western blot signature like BASE) were to increase, this would suggest (although not prove) a causal relationship (Figure 5).<br /><br />Recognition of the different forms of BSE and CJD depends upon continuing systematic testing for both bovines and humans, but bovine testing will be vulnerable to heavy pressure from industry to dismantle the program as the commercial impact of declining BSE cases ceases to be an issue. Industry should be aware, however, of the implications of sporadic BSE. Its occurrence would necessitate the indefinite retention of all of the public health measures that exclude high-risk bovine tissues from the animal and human food chains, whereas its nonoccurrence would permit tissues that are now destroyed to be used as before, once orally acquired BSE has disappeared.<br /><br />SNIP...<br /><br />PLEASE READ FULL TEXT ;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0965.htm?s_cid=eid06_0965_e">http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0965.htm?s_cid=eid06_0965_e</a><br /><br /><br />3:00 Afternoon Refreshment Break, Poster and Exhibit Viewing in the Exhibit Hall<br /><br />3:30 Transmission of the Italian Atypical BSE (BASE) in Humanized Mouse<br /><br />Models Qingzhong Kong, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Pathology, Case Western Reserve University<br /><br />Bovine Amyloid Spongiform Encephalopathy (BASE) is an atypical BSE strain discovered recently in Italy, and similar or different atypical BSE cases were also reported in other countries. The infectivity and phenotypes of these atypical BSE strains in humans are unknown. In collaboration with Pierluigi Gambetti, as well as Maria Caramelli and her co-workers, we have inoculated transgenic mice expressing human prion protein with brain homogenates from BASE or BSE infected cattle. Our data shows that about half of the BASE-inoculated mice became infected with an average incubation time of about 19 months; in contrast, none of the BSE-inoculated mice appear to be infected after more than 2 years. ***These results indicate that BASE is transmissible to humans and suggest that BASE is more virulent than classical BSE in humans.<br /><br />6:30 Close of Day One<br /><br /><a href="http://www.healthtech.com/2007/tse/day1.asp">http://www.healthtech.com/2007/tse/day1.asp</a><br /><br /><br />SEE STEADY INCREASE IN SPORADIC CJD IN THE USA FROM 1997 TO 2006. SPORADIC CJD CASES TRIPLED, with phenotype of 'UNKNOWN' strain growing. ...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html">http://www.cjdsurveillance.com/resources-casereport.html</a><br /><br /><br />There is a growing number of human CJD cases, and they were presented last week in San Francisco by Luigi Gambatti(?) from his CJD surveillance collection.<br /><br />He estimates that it may be up to 14 or 15 persons which display selectively SPRPSC and practically no detected RPRPSC proteins.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/1006-4240t1.htm</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/transcripts/2006-4240t1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY<br /><br />MARCH 26, 2003<br /><br />RE-Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob<br /><br />disease in the United States<br /><br />Email Terry S. Singeltary:<br /><br />flounder@wt.net<br /><br />I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to<br /><br />comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging<br /><br />forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE<br /><br />transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate<br /><br />phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest<br /><br />sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable<br /><br />nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every<br /><br />state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to<br /><br />expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are<br /><br />sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in<br /><br />the USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and<br /><br />CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by<br /><br />intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other<br /><br />TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every<br /><br />victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this<br /><br />agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose<br /><br />others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there<br /><br />should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena<br /><br />from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic<br /><br />CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?<br /><br /><a href="http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535">http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535</a><br /><br /><br />Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease<br /><br />Singeltary, Sr et al. JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734.<br /><br /><a href="http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/285/6/733?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama">http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/285/6/733?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama</a><br /><br /><br />BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL<br /><br />BMJ<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/319/7220/1312/b#EL2">http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/319/7220/1312/b#EL2</a><br /><br /><br />BMJ<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/320/7226/8/b#EL1">http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/320/7226/8/b#EL1</a><br /><br /><br />[Docket No. 03-025IFA] FSIS Prohibition of the Use of Specified Risk Materials for Human Food and Requirement for the Disposition of Non-Ambulatory Disabled Cattle<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />[Docket No. FSIS-2006-0011] FSIS Harvard Risk Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/2006-0011/2006-0011-1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />THE SEVEN SCIENTIST REPORT ***<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0273/02n-0273-EC244-Attach-1.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0273/02n-0273-EC244-Attach-1.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />PAUL BROWN M.D.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0273/02n-0273-c000490-vol40.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0273/02n-0273-c000490-vol40.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />9 December 2005 Division of Dockets Management (RFA-305)<br /><br />SEROLOGICALS CORPORATION James J. Kramer, Ph.D. Vice President, Corporate Operations<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0273/02n-0273-c000383-01-vol35.pdf">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0273/02n-0273-c000383-01-vol35.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Embassy of Japan<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0273/02N-0273-EC240.htm">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/02n0273/02N-0273-EC240.htm</a><br /><br /><br />Dockets Entered on December 22, 2005 2005D-0330, Guidance for Industry and FDA Review Staff on Collection of Platelets by Automated ... EC 203, McDonald's Restaurants Corporation, Vol #:, 34 ...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/05/Dec05/122205/122205.htm">http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/05/Dec05/122205/122205.htm</a><br /><br /><br />03-025IF 03-025IF-631 Linda A. Detwiler [PDF] Page 1. 03-025IF 03-025IF-631 Linda A. Detwiler Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. Page 5. Page 6. Page 7. Page 8. Page 9. Page 10. Page 11. Page 12. <a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IF/03-025IF-631.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IF/03-025IF-631.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />03-025IF 03-025IF-634 Linda A. Detwiler [PDF] Page 1. 03-025IF 03-025IF-634 Linda A. Detwiler Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. Page 5. Page 6. Page 7. Page 8. <a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IF/03-025IF-634.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IF/03-025IF-634.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Page 1 of 17 9/13/2005 [PDF] ... 2005 6:17 PM To: fsis.regulationscomments@fsis.usda.gov Subject: [Docket No. 03-025IFA] FSIS Prohibition of the Use of Specified Risk Materials for Human Food ... <a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-2.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />03-025IFA 03-025IFA-6 Jason Frost [PDF] ... Zealand Embassy COMMENTS ON FEDERAL REGISTER 9 CFR Parts 309 et al [Docket No. 03- 025IF] Prohibition of the Use of Specified Risk Materials for Human Food and ... <a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-6.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IFA/03-025IFA-6.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />In its opinion of 7-8 December 2000 (EC 2000), the SSC ... [PDF] Page 1. Linda A. Detwiler, DVM 225 Hwy 35 Red Bank, New Jersey 07701 Phone: 732-741-2290 Cell: 732-580-9391 Fax: 732-741-7751 June 22, 2005 FSIS Docket Clerk US ...<br /><br /><a href="http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IF/03-025IF-589.pdf">http://www.fsis.usda.gov/OPPDE/Comments/03-025IF/03-025IF-589.pdf</a><br /><br /><br />Terry S. Singeltary SR. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518<br /><br /></confidential:budget:><confidential:budget: class="" implementation="" medical="========" end="=======================" maxtoshow="&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=dignosing+and+reporting+creutzfeldt+jakob+disease&searchid=1048865596978_1528&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama" cmd="Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8133096&dopt=Citation" seq_no_115="191825"></confidential:budget:>Terry S. Singeltary Sr.http://www.blogger.com/profile/06986622967539963260noreply@blogger.com0